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Buccal Administration
Buccal administration: drug delivery against the cheek's buccal mucosa (oral transmucosal route). Bypasses hepatic first-pass metabolism; forms include tablets, films, sprays, mucoadhesives; limited by low permeability and saliva.
Buccal exostosis
Buccal exostosis, also called buccal alveolar exostosis, is a benign bony outgrowth on the facial alveolar bone of the jaws, usually bilateral in the premolar-molar region, multifactorial in cause, and removed surgically only when it interferes with function or aesthetics.
Bucetin
Bucetin (Betadin, N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxybutanamide) is a withdrawn anilide analgesic and antipyretic, a phenacetin analogue approved in Germany and removed from the market in 1986 for renal toxicity.
Bucillamine
Bucillamine (ブシラミン, Rimatil, SA96) is a dithiol cysteine-derivative DMARD for rheumatoid arthritis used in Japan and Korea, a potent thiol donor repurposed for COVID-19, cystinuria, transplantation, and nerve-agent countermeasures.
Budd–Chiari syndrome
Budd–Chiari syndrome, hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction, is a rare disorder caused by thrombotic obstruction of hepatic veins or inferior vena cava, presenting with ascites and abdominal pain, treated by stepwise anticoagulation, angioplasty, TIPS, and liver transplantation.
Budesonide
Budesonide, a non-fluorinated 16α,17α-acetal corticosteroid developed by Astra (approved 1981), is an inhaled asthma/COPD anti-inflammatory and enteric-coated Crohn's disease treatment, also combined with formoterol (Symbicort) and albuterol (Airsupra).
Budesonide/formoterol
Budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort) is an ICS-LABA combination inhaler for asthma and COPD, approved in the US in 2006 and central to SMART/MART maintenance-and-reliever regimens.
Budget impact analysis
Budget impact analysis is a pharmacoeconomic method estimating the annual net cost to a health system or payer of adopting a new intervention over about 1 to 5 years.
Bufexamac
Bufexamac (Paraderm, Parfenac, CP-1044-J3) is a topical hydroxamic-acid NSAID formerly used for eczema, dermatitis, and hemorrhoids; withdrawn in the EU (2010), Australia (2020), and New Zealand for severe allergic contact dermatitis.
Buffalopox
Buffalopox (BPXV), a vaccinia-like orthopoxvirus first isolated in India in 1967, causes pox lesions on buffalo and cattle teats and udders and zoonotic hand lesions with fever in milkers; no specific vaccine or antiviral exists.
Buflomedil
Buflomedil (Loftyl) is a vasoactive alpha-adrenolytic vasodilator once used for stage II peripheral arterial occlusive disease symptoms in Europe from the 1970s; the EMA suspended all EU marketing authorisations in 2012 over serious neurological and cardiac toxicity and limited efficacy.
Buformin
Buformin (1-butylbiguanide) is a biguanide antidiabetic drug reported in 1958 by Beringer, used mainly in Germany, and withdrawn in most countries in the late 1970s for lactic acidosis risk; it remains available in Romania.
Bulaquine (Elubaquin)
Bulaquine (elubaquine, CDRI 80/53) is an Indian 8-aminoquinoline anti-relapse antimalarial for Plasmodium vivax, a primaquine analogue and prodrug marketed as Aablaquine with chloroquine; development discontinued.
Bulb of vestibule
Bulb of vestibule (bulbus vestibuli, vestibular bulb): paired ~3 cm erectile tissue masses beside the vaginal opening, homologous to the male bulb of penis, engorging during arousal and attaching anteriorly to the clitoris.
Bulbar palsy
Bulbar palsy, also called progressive bulbar palsy (PBP), is lower motor neuron weakness of tongue, speech, and swallowing muscles from brainstem cranial nerve lesions; pseudobulbar palsy is its upper motor neuron, spastic counterpart.
Bulbospongiosus muscle
Bulbospongiosus (bulbocavernosus) muscle: paired pelvic floor muscle in the superficial perineal space; wraps penile bulb in males, vaginal orifice in females; innervated by pudendal nerve S2-S4; expels urine and semen, assists erection.
Bulbourethral gland
The bulbourethral glands, also called Cowper's glands, are a pair of pea-sized glands in the male reproductive system, below the prostate, that secrete alkaline pre-ejaculate, which neutralizes acidity and lubricates the urethra.
Bulevirtide
Bulevirtide (Hepcludex, formerly Myrcludex B) is a first-in-class 47-amino-acid lipopeptide entry inhibitor blocking the NTCP receptor used by hepatitis D and B viruses. Approved by EMA in 2020 and FDA in 2026 for chronic hepatitis D with compensated liver disease; 2 mg daily subcutaneous injection.
Bulimia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa, an eating disorder of binge eating followed by purging, fasting, or excessive exercise; first named by Gerald Russell in 1979; affects about 0.3% of US adults yearly, mostly women; treated with CBT and fluoxetine.
Bulking and cutting
Bulking and cutting is the practice of alternating a caloric-surplus bulking phase with a caloric-restriction cutting phase to gain muscle and lose fat, common among bodybuilders and gym populations.
Bullectomy
Bullectomy is a thoracic surgical procedure that removes giant emphysematous bullae, air spaces filling a third or more of the chest, so compressed lung can re-expand and breathing improves in emphysema.
Bullous impetigo
Bullous impetigo: localized blistering form of impetigo caused by exfoliative toxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus cleaving desmoglein 1; about 30% of impetigo cases, mainly infants, treated with oral or topical antibiotics.
Bullous insect bite reaction
Bullous insect bite reaction, or bullous arthropod bite reaction: a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to insect saliva causing large tense pruritic blisters on exposed skin; linked to CLL and other hematologic cancers; treated with steroids and antihistamines.
Bullous keratopathy
Bullous keratopathy is an eye condition in which blisters form in the cornea's surface layer because the corneal endothelium fails, often after cataract surgery or from Fuchs dystrophy.
Bullous lichen planus
Bullous lichen planus, a rare variant of lichen planus (ICD-10 L43.1), forms blisters on pre-existing LP lesions; unlike lichen planus pemphigoides it has no autoantibodies and negative immunofluorescence.
Bullous pemphigoid
Bullous pemphigoid is a chronic autoimmune blistering skin disease, the most common in many countries, causing tense blisters and intense itching in older adults, treated with corticosteroids.
Bulumtatug fuvedotin
Bulumtatug fuvedotin (BFv, 9MW2821), Mabwell's next-generation Nectin-4-targeting antibody-drug conjugate carrying MMAE via a homogeneous DAR 4 linker; phase I/II ORRs of 54.1% in urothelial and 50% in triple-negative breast cancer, with phase III trials ongoing.
Bumetanide
Bumetanide (BUM, BTN) is a potent loop diuretic synthesized by Peter W. Feit at Leo Pharma in 1969, marketed from 1972; 1 mg equals about 40 mg furosemide, inhibits NKCC1/NKCC2, and treats edema in heart, liver, and kidney disease.
Bunamiodyl
Bunamiodyl (buniodyl, Orabilex) was a tri-iodinated oral cholecystographic contrast agent introduced in 1958 and withdrawn from Canadian, US, and UK markets in 1963 after causing acute renal failure with tubular necrosis.
Bunazosin
Bunazosin (Detantol R) is a quinazoline alpha-1 adrenoceptor blocker used orally for hypertension and topically to lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma, improving ocular blood flow.