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Cerebrofacial arteriovenous metameric syndrome
Cerebrofacial arteriovenous metameric syndrome (CAMS), formerly Bonnet-Dechaume-Blanc or Wyburn-Mason syndrome, is a rare sporadic disorder of ipsilateral metameric brain, orbital, and facial AVMs in three subtypes, presenting before the third decade.
Cerebrofacioarticular syndrome
Cerebrofacioarticular syndrome, or Van Maldergem syndrome (ORPHA:314679), is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomalies disorder caused by DCHS1 or FAT4 variants, featuring intellectual disability, distinctive facies, joint contractures, and neuronal heterotopia.
Cerebrofaciothoracic dysplasia
Cerebrofaciothoracic dysplasia (CFTD, Pascual-Castroviejo syndrome type 1, TMCO1 defect syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with facial dysmorphism, severe intellectual disability, and rib and vertebral anomalies, caused by TMCO1 loss-of-function mutations; prevalence under 1 in 1,000,000.
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis is a diagnostic test in which CSF, usually obtained by lumbar puncture, is examined for cells, protein, glucose, and pathogens to diagnose central nervous system disease.
Cerebrospinal fluid diversion
Cerebrospinal fluid diversion is a neurosurgical procedure that redirects CSF flow to relieve hydrocephalus, using implanted shunts draining to the abdomen or endoscopic third ventriculostomy.
Cerebrospinal fluid fistula
Cerebrospinal fluid fistula (ICD-11 8D65), abnormal CSF leak through the dura, cranial or spinal, traumatic, iatrogenic, or spontaneous; endoscopic repair succeeds in about 94% of spontaneous rhinorrhea cases with fewer complications than open surgery.
Cerebrospinal fluid otorrhoea
Cerebrospinal fluid otorrhoea (ICD-11 8D63) is CSF leaking through the ear, usually after temporal bone trauma or surgery, sometimes spontaneous in obese women; diagnosed by beta-2-transferrin and repaired via transmastoid, middle cranial fossa, or combined surgery.
Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea
Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea (CSF leak, 髄液鼻漏) is CSF leaking from the nose through a skull base defect, usually traumatic or iatrogenic, confirmed by beta-2 transferrin testing and localized with HRCT or MR cisternography, and repaired endoscopically.
Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis
Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX, cerebral cholesterinosis, MIM 213700) is a rare autosomal recessive CYP27A1 lipid-storage disorder causing cholestanol deposition, diarrhea, cataracts, xanthomas, and neurological decline; treated with chenodeoxycholic acid (Ctexli, FDA-approved 2025).
Cerebrovascular abnormalities
Cerebrovascular abnormalities (ICD-11 8B23): a WHO classification category for secondary abnormalities of cerebral blood vessels arising in systemic diseases such as Takayasu disease, fibromuscular dysplasia, sarcoidosis, lupus arteritis, and amyloid angiopathy, coded with the underlying disease.
Cerebrovascular disease
Cerebrovascular disease, also called cerebrovascular disorder, is a group of conditions in which diseased or damaged blood vessels reduce blood flow to the brain, most commonly causing stroke.
Cerebrum
Cerebrum: the largest brain division, two hemispheres joined by the corpus callosum, four lobes each, folded cerebral cortex, basal nuclei, and higher functions like language, memory, and vision.
Ceritinib
Ceritinib (Zykadia, LDK378) is an oral second-generation ALK kinase inhibitor for ALK-positive metastatic NSCLC, FDA accelerated approval 2014, first-line 2017; dose 450 mg daily with food.
Cerivastatin
Cerivastatin (Baycol, Lipobay), Bayer's potent HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor statin for hypercholesterolemia, withdrawn in 2001-2002 after fatal rhabdomyolysis cases, especially with gemfibrozil.
Cerliponase alfa
Cerliponase alfa (Brineura, rhTPP1) is BioMarin's intraventricular enzyme replacement therapy for CLN2 disease (Batten disease, TPP1 deficiency), FDA-approved 2017, slowing motor-language decline.
Cernunnos-XLF deficiency
Cernunnos-XLF deficiency (NHEJ1 deficiency, OMIM 611291) is a rare autosomal recessive radiosensitive T−B−NK+ SCID with microcephaly, growth retardation, and lymphopenia, treated by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Certificate of Need
A certificate of need is a state permission document requiring health care providers to get approval before constructing facilities or offering new services, now in 35 states.
Certified Health Education Specialist
A Certified Health Education Specialist (CHES) holds the entry-level national credential for health educators, issued by the National Commission for Health Education Credentialing since 1989 and maintained through continuing education.
Certolizumab pegol
Certolizumab pegol (Cimzia), a PEGylated anti-TNFα Fab' fragment by UCB, treats rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn disease, axial spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and psoriasis by subcutaneous injection.
Cervarix
Cervarix, also called the HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine, is GlaxoSmithKline's bivalent recombinant HPV vaccine against types 16 and 18, approved in Europe in 2007, WHO-prequalified in 2009, with demonstrated cross-protection and single-dose efficacy evidence.
CERVAVAC
CERVAVAC (Cervavac) is India's first indigenously developed quadrivalent HPV vaccine (types 6, 11, 16, 18), made by Serum Institute of India with DBT and BIRAC; approved July 2022, WHO-prequalified 2026, 2- or 3-dose schedule for ages 9–26.
Cervical aortic arch
Cervical aortic arch (CAA), a rare congenital anomaly first described by Reid in 1914, in which the aortic arch sits above the clavicles; often a pulsatile neck mass, classified by Haughton types A–E, treated surgically when symptomatic.
Cervical biopsy
A cervical biopsy is a procedure that samples tissue from the cervix to check for precancer or cancer, usually done during colposcopy after an abnormal screening result.
Cervical cancer
Cervical cancer, a malignant neoplasm of the cervix caused by persistent high-risk HPV (types 16 and 18 dominate), is the fourth most common cancer in women, with about 662,000 cases and 349,000 deaths in 2022, preventable by HPV vaccination and HPV-based screening.
Cervical cerclage
Cervical cerclage: surgical stitching of the cervix, also called cervical stitch, placed in the second trimester to prevent preterm birth from cervical insufficiency; transvaginal McDonald or transabdominal routes, removed around 37 weeks.
Cervical dermoid cyst
Cervical dermoid cyst (dermoid cyst of the neck), ORPHA:141046, a rare benign cyst with keratinized epithelium and skin appendages, usually a slow-growing submandibular or sublingual mass, diagnosed by imaging and treated by surgical excision.
Cervical dilation
Cervical dilation is the widening of the cervix from closed to 10 cm during childbirth, tracked to define labor phases; active phase starts at 4-6 cm depending on guideline, and arrest drives cesarean decisions.
Cervical discectomy
Cervical discectomy is surgery that removes a damaged disc in the neck to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots, most often combined with fusion (ACDF).
Cervical ectropion
Cervical ectropion (cervical ectopy, erosion): benign eversion of glandular columnar cells onto the outer cervix, linked to estrogen, pregnancy, and the pill; causes bleeding and discharge, not cancer, treatable by cautery.
Cervical fracture
Cervical fracture, a broken neck vertebra (C1–C7), usually from vehicle accidents or falls; 2.4–3.7% of blunt trauma cases, classified by SLIC, treated with immobilization or surgery.