25,729 articles
DICEE trial
DICEE trial (Deflated and Inflated Cuff Endotracheal Extubations, NCT06990308): a single-center blinded randomized trial at Naval Medical Center Camp Lejeune comparing deflated versus inflated cuff extubation in 88 healthy adults after non-airway surgery, using contrast chest radiography to detect airway contamination.
Dichlorphenamide
Dichlorphenamide (diclofenamide; Daranide, Keveyis) is an oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, first US-approved 1958, now the sole FDA-approved drug for primary hyperkalemic and hypokalemic periodic paralysis.
Dichotic Listening Tests
Dichotic listening tests present two different sounds simultaneously, one per ear, to assess hemispheric speech specialization; Kimura's 1961 right-ear advantage, reliability issues, and clinical uses distinguish them.
Diclofenac
Diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug sold under names including Voltaren, was introduced in 1973 and is the most widely prescribed NSAID worldwide for arthritis, migraine, and musculoskeletal injuries.
Dicloxacillin
Dicloxacillin (BRL-1702, Diclocil, Dynapen) is an isoxazolyl, penicillinase-resistant oral penicillin approved by the FDA in 1968 for penicillinase-producing staphylococcal infections; highly protein-bound (97.9%), short half-life, CYP-inducing.
DICOM
DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) is the global standard for exchanging and managing medical images and related data, developed from ACR-NEMA 300 (1985) and maintained by the DICOM Standards Committee as NEMA PS3 and ISO 12052.
Dicrocoeliasis
Dicrocoeliasis (lancet fluke infection, ICD-10 B66.2) is a rare zoonotic bile-duct trematodiasis caused by Dicrocoelium dendriticum or D. hospes, acquired by accidentally eating infected ants; snail and ant intermediate hosts, mostly asymptomatic, treated with praziquantel or triclabendazole.
Dicycloverine
Dicycloverine, also called dicyclomine (Bentyl, Merbentyl), is a synthetic antimuscarinic antispasmodic (ATC A03AA07) for gastrointestinal smooth muscle spasm, mainly IBS; effective versus placebo in one 1981 RCT but with anticholinergic side effects and contraindicated in infants under 6 months and nursing mothers.
Didanosine
Didanosine (ddI, Videx, dideoxyinosine), an NRTI antiretroviral for HIV-1; second FDA-approved HIV drug (9 October 1991); withdrawn from U.S. market due to pancreatitis, neuropathy, and mitochondrial toxicity.
Didymosis aplasticosebacea
Didymosis aplasticosebacea, now pseudodidymosis aplasticosebacea, is a rare congenital disorder pairing sebaceous nevus with adjacent aplasia cutis congenita plus ocular and CNS abnormalities; a mosaic RASopathy.
Die chirurgie
Die Chirurgie (formerly Der Chirurg, founded 1928) is Springer Medizin's German-language monthly surgery journal, organ of the Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgen, renamed in June 2022 among 21 gender-neutral title changes; peer-reviewed, CME-focused, Web of Science and Scopus Q3.
Die dermatologie
Die Dermatologie (formerly Der Hautarzt) is a German-language dermatology and venerology journal published by Springer Medizin, Heidelberg, since 2022; ISSNs 2731-7005/2731-7013, MEDLINE-indexed, organ of DSTIG and DDL.
Die pathologie
Die Pathologie is a German-language continuing education journal in pathology from Springer Medizin, published since 2022 as successor to Der Pathologe (founded 1979); bimonthly, CME-focused, organ of German, Austrian, and Swiss pathology societies.
Diencephalic syndrome
Diencephalic syndrome (Russell syndrome, diencephalic cachexia): rare infantile disorder from hypothalamic or optic chiasm low-grade glioma causing severe emaciation with preserved linear growth, hyperactivity, and euphoria; under 200 reported cases.
Diencephalic-mesencephalic junction dysplasia
Diencephalic-mesencephalic junction dysplasia (DMJD, ORPHA:319192) is a rare autosomal recessive brain malformation with a butterfly-shaped midbrain on MRI, caused by PCDH12 or GSX2 variants.
Dienestrol
Dienestrol (dienoestrol, Estraguard, Ortho Dienestrol), synthetic non-steroidal stilbestrol estrogen, C18H18O2, CAS 84-17-3, prepared by Dodds in 1938; used as 0.01% vaginal cream for atrophic vaginitis; FDA-approved 1947, later discontinued.
Dienogest
Dienogest (Visanne) is a fourth-generation progestin, 2 mg daily oral therapy for endometriosis pain, first approved in Japan in 2008; also used with estradiol in contraceptives like Natazia, with irregular bleeding as its main side effect.
DIEP flap
The DIEP flap, or deep inferior epigastric perforator flap, is a microsurgical breast reconstruction technique that transfers lower abdominal skin and fat while sparing the rectus muscle.
Diet
Diet (nutrition): habitual food and beverage intake patterns. WHO principles (adequacy, balance, moderation, diversity), quantitative limits on sugars, fat, salt; US Dietary Guidelines since 1980, 2025-2030 edition with inverted pyramid.
Diet Records
Diet records, also called food diaries, are self-report tools recording all foods and drinks consumed over specified days in real time, weighed or estimated, used in nutrition research and known for under-reporting and reactivity.
Diet Therapy
Diet therapy: adjusting food intake quantity and quality to improve health, indexed as MeSH D004035 and delivered as medical nutrition therapy by registered dietitian nutritionists for diabetes, obesity, hypertension, kidney disease, and IBD.
Dietary diversity score
A dietary diversity score (DDS) counts the number of food groups a person or household ate over 24 hours, used as a simple proxy for diet quality.
Dietary fiber
Dietary fiber, also called bulk or roughage, is the nondigestible carbohydrate and lignin in plant foods. Key facts: FDA 2016 definition, 14 g per 1,000 kcal recommendation, soluble versus insoluble types, lower all-cause and CVD mortality.
Dietary iron overload disease
Dietary iron overload disease (African iron overload, Bantu siderosis): sub-Saharan iron overload from iron-rich home-brewed beer acting with a non-HFE genetic factor, causing hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma risk.
Dietary Reference Intake
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are NASEM nutrient reference values (RDA, AI, EAR, UL, CDRR, AMDR) for healthy people in the US and Canada, jointly funded since the mid-1990s and used for labeling, guidelines, and assessment.
Dietary supplement
Dietary supplement: product taken by mouth containing dietary ingredients (vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids, probiotics), regulated as food under DSHEA 1994; no FDA premarket approval, 57.6% of US adults use them.
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994
DSHEA (Public Law 103-417, October 25, 1994) is the US law defining dietary supplements as a food category under FDA oversight, with no premarket approval, structure/function claims with a disclaimer, and new dietary ingredient notification.
Diethylpropion
Diethylpropion (amfepramone; Tenuate, Regenon) is a sympathomimetic anorectic prodrug of ethcathinone, FDA-approved in 1959 for short-term obesity treatment, Schedule IV controlled, withdrawn from the EU market in 2023.
Diethylstilbestrol
Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a synthetic estrogen first made in 1938, prescribed to prevent miscarriage from the 1940s to the 1970s until it was found to cause cancer.
Diethylstilbestrol diphosphate
Diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (fosfestrol, DESP; brands Stilphostrol, Honvan) is the diphosphate ester prodrug of the synthetic estrogen DES, used mainly for prostate cancer; discontinued in the US, thrombosis is a key toxicity.