25,729 articles
Diagnosis of congenital disorders of glycosylation
Diagnosis of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) proceeds from transferrin isoelectric focusing screening through enzyme assays to gene sequencing, since over 160 CDG types are recognized.
Diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the process of confirming the X-linked muscle disease, typically by creatine kinase testing followed by genetic testing of the DMD gene.
Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS
Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS: detecting HIV infection via NAT, antigen/antibody, and antibody tests with defined window periods, CDC screening and algorithm guidance, self-testing reliability, and the history from the 1985 ELISA onward.
Diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis is made when a child under 16 has arthritis of unknown cause lasting at least 6 weeks, after leukemia and septic arthritis are excluded.
Diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis requires biopsy of lesional tissue with CD1a and CD207 immunohistochemistry, BRAF V600E molecular testing, and imaging to identify involvement of risk organs.
Diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome
Diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) confirms the condition using clinical features, hormone tests, and ultrasound, most often under the Rotterdam criteria requiring two of three features.
Diagnosis of septic arthritis
Septic arthritis is diagnosed by aspirating the joint and identifying bacteria in synovial fluid; blood tests and imaging support the workup but cannot confirm or exclude it.
Diagnosis of uterine fibroids
Diagnosis of uterine fibroids begins with pelvic examination and transvaginal ultrasound, the first-line test, with MRI reserved for suspected leiomyosarcoma and for mapping fibroids before myomectomy.
Diagnosis-related group
Diagnosis-related group (DRG): hospital case classification developed at Yale by Fetter, Thompson, and Mross in the 1970s; adopted by Medicare in 1983 for its prospective payment system, now used worldwide to pay hospitals fixed per-discharge rates.
Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)
Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry), or dual diagnosis (co-occurring disorders), is the co-existence of a substance use disorder and a psychiatric disorder in one person; a MeSH term (D017831) not coded in DSM-5 or ICD, treated preferably with integrated care.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM, is the American Psychiatric Association's reference for diagnosing mental disorders, first published in 1952 and now in its 2022 revision.
Diagnostic bronchoscopy
Diagnostic bronchoscopy is an endoscopic procedure in which a bronchoscope inspects the airways and collects cells, secretions, and tissue to diagnose lung diseases, especially cancer and infection.
Diagnostic colonoscopy
Diagnostic colonoscopy is an endoscopic procedure in which a flexible, camera-equipped instrument examines the entire colon; it is the reference test for colorectal cancer screening, reducing CRC incidence by 31% to 91%.
Diagnostic cystoscopy
Diagnostic cystoscopy is a urologic endoscopic procedure in which a cystoscope passed through the urethra directly inspects the urethra, prostate, bladder, and ureteral orifices, and remains the standard for diagnosing bladder cancer.
Diagnostic Equipment
Diagnostic equipment: nonexpendable medical apparatus used in examination (MeSH D019719), from stethoscopes and endoscopes to CT and MRI scanners; informs about 70% of healthcare decisions while consuming 3-5% of healthcare budgets.
Diagnostic Errors
Diagnostic errors: missed, delayed, or wrong diagnoses, defined by NASEM (2015) as failure to establish or communicate an accurate, timely explanation. Affect an estimated 12 million Americans yearly; leading cause of malpractice harm.
Diagnostic interview
A diagnostic interview is a structured or semi-structured clinical conversation used to elicit symptoms and history and establish a psychiatric diagnosis mapped to DSM or ICD criteria.
Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies
The Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS) is a semi-structured polydiagnostic interview for mood and psychotic disorders, developed for the NIMH Genetics Initiative, with its first paper published in 1992.
Diagnostic Interview Schedule
The Diagnostic Interview Schedule is a fully structured psychiatric interview designed in 1978 by Lee Robins and colleagues at Washington University so lay interviewers could make DSM-III psychiatric diagnoses.
Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children
The Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC) is a structured diagnostic interview, sponsored by the NIMH, that assesses more than 30 psychiatric disorders of children and adolescents.
Diagnostic laparoscopy
Diagnostic laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure in which a laparoscope inserted through a small abdominal incision inspects the abdominal organs and takes biopsies.
Diagnostic mammography
Diagnostic mammography is a comprehensive breast X-ray workup for symptoms such as a palpable lump or abnormal screening findings, customized by an on-site supervising radiologist.
Diagnostic pathology
Diagnostic Pathology is a peer-reviewed open access journal covering surgical and clinical pathology, immunology, and biology, launched in 2006 by BioMed Central in the United Kingdom.
Diagnostic Pneumomediastinum
Diagnostic pneumomediastinum, or pneumomediastinography, is deliberate injection of air or gas into the mediastinum to outline its organs radiographically. Pioneered by Condorelli in 1936, it evaluated mediastinal and thymic tumors and cancer operability before CT displaced it.
Diagnostic Reagent Kits
Diagnostic reagent kits: commercially prepared reagent sets (MeSH D011933) containing all components and literature to perform designated in vitro diagnostic tests, from 1880s dry urine tests and 1960s pregnancy and RAST kits to regulated, validated clinical chemistry, immunoassay, and molecular products.
Diagnostic Self Evaluation
Diagnostic Self Evaluation (MeSH D059026; Subjective Health) is a person's appraisal of their own health status, operationalized by the single-item self-rated health question, which independently predicts mortality and varies across cultures and question wordings.
Diagnostic Services
Diagnostic services: organized health services providing diagnosis (MeSH D003954, 1968), spanning laboratory, imaging, screening, and point-of-care testing; influence about 70% of healthcare decisions yet receive 3–5% of budgets.
Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures
Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures (MeSH D019937, E01.370) is the NLM heading for methods, procedures, and tests used to diagnose disease, spanning history taking, physical examination, laboratory techniques, and imaging.
Diagnostic trial
A diagnostic trial is a clinical study that measures how well a diagnostic test distinguishes patients with a target condition, comparing its results against a reference standard.
Dialectical behavior therapy
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), a cognitive-behavioral therapy developed by Marsha Linehan in the 1980s, treats chronically suicidal people with borderline personality disorder through individual therapy, skills training, phone coaching, and consultation teams.