Human health and medicine

Adenocarcinoma of transverse colon

Adenocarcinoma of transverse colon (ICD-11 2B90.20, ICD-10 C18.4) is gland-forming colon cancer in the mid-colon, about 10% of colon cancers, with mixed right/left molecular features and worse prognosis than left-sided disease.

Adenocarcinoma of urinary bladder

Adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder (bladder adenocarcinoma, ACB): rare pure glandular bladder cancer, 0.5–2% of bladder malignancies, urachal or nonurachal; poor prognosis, surgery mainstay, signet ring subtype worst.

Adenocarcinoma of vagina

Adenocarcinoma of the vagina, also called vaginal adenocarcinoma, is a rare gland-cell cancer (5-10% of vaginal cancers) with clear cell subtype linked to prenatal DES exposure and diagnosed young.

Adenocarcinomas of rectum

Rectal adenocarcinoma, the dominant glandular malignancy of the rectum (also called rectal cancer), treated by total mesorectal excision, total neoadjuvant therapy, watch-and-wait organ preservation, and dostarlimab immunotherapy in dMMR tumors.

Adenohypophysitis

Adenohypophysitis (anterior pituitary hypophysitis, ORPHA:95512) is rare inflammation confined to the anterior pituitary, causing hypopituitarism, headache, and visual defects, most often in young women during late pregnancy or postpartum.

Adenoid

Adenoid (pharyngeal tonsil, nasopharyngeal tonsil): lymphoid tissue behind the nasal passage, part of Waldeyer's ring, largest ages 3-5 and gone by adulthood; hypertrophy causes obstruction, and adenoidectomy shows no benefit for recurrent URIs versus watchful waiting.

Adenoid ameloblastoma

Adenoid ameloblastoma (AA, adenoid ameloblastoma with dentinoid) is a rare benign odontogenic jaw tumor, a distinct 2022 WHO entity separate from conventional ameloblastoma, defined by cribriform architecture, duct-like structures, whorls, WNT pathway alterations, and recurrence up to 70%.

Adenoid basal carcinoma of the cervix uteri

Adenoid basal carcinoma (ABC) of the cervix uteri, ICD-O 8098/3, is a rare HPV-associated cervical tumor of reserve-cell origin in postmenopausal women, usually asymptomatic, with nests of bland basaloid cells and excellent survival.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the cervix uteri

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the cervix uteri (cervical adenoid cystic carcinoma, ORPHA:213823) is a rare, highly aggressive cervical cancer, under 1% of cervical carcinomas, affecting postmenopausal women, with cribriform histology, early recurrence, and lung metastases.

Adenoidectomy

Adenoidectomy is the surgical removal of the adenoid, or pharyngeal tonsil, most often performed in children for ear infections, chronic adenoiditis, and obstructive sleep apnea.

Adenoma

Adenoma: a benign tumor of gland-like epithelial cells, also called glandular epithelial neoplasm. Key facts: colorectal adenomas precede most colon cancers via the adenoma-carcinoma sequence; advanced adenomas need 3-year colonoscopy surveillance; adrenal, thyroid, and salivary adenomas distinguished from carcinoma by invasion.

Adenoma of pancreas

Adenoma of pancreas (pancreatic adenoma, ORPHA:93292), a rare benign pancreatic tumor with glycogen-rich epithelial cysts, corresponding to serous cystadenoma; ICD-10 D13.6, often incidental, managed by surveillance.

Adenomatoid tumor of the pleura

Adenomatoid tumor of the pleura (benign mesothelioma of pleura) is a rare benign mesothelial neoplasm, histologically like genital tract adenomatoid tumors, presenting as a small solitary noninfiltrative pleural nodule found incidentally at surgery; TRAF7 mutation with preserved BAP1 distinguishes it from adenomatoid mesothelioma.

Adenomectomy

Adenomectomy is a surgical operation that removes an adenoma alone, sparing the organ, performed in the prostate for benign enlargement and in the pituitary gland for pituitary tumors.

Adenomyomatosis of gallbladder

Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder, also called gallbladder adenomyomatosis, is a benign hyperplastic wall disease with Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses, found in 2-5% of cholecystectomy specimens, diagnosed by ultrasound comet-tail artifacts, and distinguished from gallbladder cancer.

Adenomyomectomy

Adenomyomectomy, performed as laparoscopic adenomyomectomy, is a uterus-preserving operation that removes adenomyotic tissue from the uterine wall, treating adenomyosis in women with pain, heavy bleeding, or infertility.

Adenomyosis

Adenomyosis: benign growth of endometrial glands and stroma within the uterine muscle (myometrium), first described by Rokitansky in 1860. Causes painful heavy periods and pelvic pain; diagnosed by ultrasound or MRI; treated with hormonal therapy or surgery.

Oct 20, 2026

Adenosarcoma of the cervix uteri

Adenosarcoma of the cervix uteri (cervical Müllerian adenosarcoma) is a rare biphasic malignant tumor with benign glands and malignant stroma, 0.16% of cervical cancers, presenting as bleeding or a polyp, with favorable prognosis after surgery.

Adenosine monophosphate deaminase deficiency

Adenosine monophosphate deaminase deficiency (myoadenylate deaminase deficiency, AMPD1 deficiency) is an autosomal recessive metabolic myopathy caused mainly by the AMPD1 C34-T nonsense mutation, causing exercise-induced fatigue, cramps, and myalgia in a minority of homozygotes.

Adenotonsillectomy

Adenotonsillectomy is an operation that completely removes the palatine tonsils together with the adenoids, most often performed in children to relieve sleep-disordered breathing or recurrent throat infection.

Adenovirus infection

Adenovirus infection, caused by human adenoviruses (HAdV, Mastadenovirus), is typically a mild cold-, flu-, conjunctivitis-, or gastroenteritis-like illness; no approved antivirals exist, and the live types 4/7 oral vaccine is restricted to US military personnel.

Adhah patana

Adhah patana (अधः पातन), downward sublimation of mercury in Ayurvedic Rasashastra: Parada is triturated with Triphala, Shigru, Chitrak, rock salt, and mustard, then heated in the Adhah patana yantra so mercury condenses in the lower pot, purifying it of Doshas.

Adherent leukoma

Adherent leukoma (leukoma adhaerens, leucome adhérent): a dense white corneal scar with iris fused to its back surface after corneal perforation; ICD-10 H17.0, ICD-11 9A77.1; treated by keratoplasty.

Adherent prepuce

Adherent prepuce (ICD-11 GB05.4; ICD-10-CM N47) is a foreskin adherent to the glans, making retraction hard. Usually normal childhood preputial adhesions resolving spontaneously, or adhesions after circumcision.

Adhesiolysis

Adhesiolysis is a surgical operation that cuts adhesions, the fibrous scar bands binding abdominal or pelvic organs after surgery or inflammation, chiefly to treat adhesive small bowel obstruction.

Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder

Adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder), coined by Neviaser in 1945, is painful stiffening of the shoulder capsule affecting 2–5% of people, staged freezing, frozen, thawing, treated with PT, steroid injection, hydrodilatation, MUA, or arthroscopic release.

Oct 20, 2026

Adhesive middle ear disease

Adhesive middle ear disease (adhesive otitis media, ICD-11 AB17, ICD-10 H74.1) is chronic fibrosis and adhesion in the tympanic cavity limiting eardrum and ossicle mobility, causing conductive hearing loss after otitis media; distinct from glue ear.

ADIANA trial

ADIANA trial (NCT06517264; EU CT 2025-523121-17-00): Spanish multicenter randomized Phase IV trial comparing outpatient treatment of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis without antibiotics versus with oral antibiotics; 282 patients, 5 sites, sponsored by the Fundación para la Formación e Investigación Sanitaria de la Región de Murcia.

Adicciones

Adicciones (ISSN 0214-4840) is a Spanish peer-reviewed open-access addiction research journal founded in 1989 by Socidrogalcohol, publishing quarterly in Spanish and English, indexed in SSCI, SCIE, Scopus, and MEDLINE.