25,729 articles
Donnell D. Etzwiler
Donnell D. Etzwiler (1927–2003) was an American pediatric endocrinologist who founded the International Diabetes Center in Minneapolis and pioneered the patient-centered team approach to diabetes care.
Donohue syndrome
Donohue syndrome (leprechaunism) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive INSR-related disorder of extreme insulin resistance, causing intrauterine growth failure, dysmorphic facies, lipoatrophy, organomegaly, and death usually in infancy.
Donor hepatectomy
Donor hepatectomy is the surgical removal of part of a living donor's liver for transplantation, balancing a graft large enough for the recipient against a remnant safe for the donor.
Donor insemination
Donor insemination is a fertility treatment using sperm from a donor instead of a partner, used when a male partner has no sperm or there is none.
Donor lymphocyte infusion
Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is a cellular therapy in which lymphocytes from the original stem cell donor are infused after transplantation to treat or prevent relapse of blood cancers.
Donor Selection
Donor selection, also called donor eligibility determination, is the screening and testing of blood, cell, tissue, and organ donors for transmissible disease and health risks, governed by FDA 21 CFR 1271, WHO blood guidelines, and OPTN policies.
Doomscrolling
Doomscrolling (doomsurfing) is compulsive scrolling through negative online news, a term from 2018 Twitter popularized during COVID-19 in 2020; meta-analyses link it to anxiety, depression, and distress, though causality is unestablished.
Door laminoplasty
Door laminoplasty, or open-door laminoplasty, is a posterior cervical spine operation that hinges the laminae open on one side to enlarge the spinal canal and decompress the cord.
Door-to-balloon
Door-to-balloon (D2B) time measures hospital arrival to angioplasty balloon inflation in STEMI. Guideline target 90 minutes (120 for transfers); total ischemic time predicts mortality better.
DOORS syndrome
DOORS syndrome (DOOR syndrome, deafness-onychodystrophy-osteodystrophy-intellectual disability-seizures syndrome, OMIM 220500) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder, often caused by TBC1D24 mutations, with sensorineural deafness, absent nails, short digits, intellectual disability, and infantile seizures.
Dopa-responsive dystonia due to sepiapterin reductase deficiency
Dopa-responsive dystonia due to sepiapterin reductase deficiency (SRD, DYT-SPR, SPR deficiency) is a very rare autosomal recessive neurometabolic disorder caused by SPR gene mutations, with dystonia, oculogyric crises, developmental delay, normal phenylalanine, and dramatic levodopa response; about 43 cases reported.
Dopamine agonist
Dopamine agonist: drug mimicking dopamine at dopamine receptors; includes ergoline (bromocriptine, cabergoline) and non-ergoline (pramipexole, ropinirole) agents; used in Parkinson's disease, RLS, and prolactinoma; risks include impulse control disorders and augmentation.
Dopamine antagonist
A dopamine antagonist, also called an antidopaminergic or dopamine receptor antagonist, is a drug that blocks dopamine by binding to its receptors without activating them, including antipsychotics and antiemetics.
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency (DBH deficiency, norepinephrine deficiency) is an autosomal recessive disorder of the DBH gene on 9q34 causing absent norepinephrine, dopamine accumulation, severe orthostatic hypotension, and ptosis, treated with droxidopa.
Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia
Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia: theory that dysregulated dopamine, mesolimbic excess and mesocortical deficit, drives psychotic symptoms; rooted in chlorpromazine, van Rossum 1966, and Seeman's 1975 D2 receptor discovery.
Dopamine reuptake inhibitor
Dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI), also NDRI or DNRI: a drug blocking the dopamine transporter (DAT, SLC6A3) to raise synaptic dopamine. Key drugs: bupropion, methylphenidate, modafinil, solriamfetol; used for depression, ADHD, narcolepsy, smoking cessation.
Doppler Color Echocardiography
Doppler color echocardiography (color flow echocardiography, MeSH D018618) superimposes color-coded blood flow on gray-scale heart ultrasound in real time; pulsed-Doppler based, red/blue directional display, limited by Nyquist aliasing and angle dependence.
Doppler echocardiography
Doppler echocardiography measures cardiac blood-flow velocities via the Doppler effect to estimate valve gradients and pulmonary pressures noninvasively; modes include continuous-wave, pulsed-wave, color-flow, and tissue Doppler, validated against right heart catheterization.
Doppler flowmetry
Doppler flowmetry is a noninvasive diagnostic method that measures blood flow velocity by detecting the Doppler frequency shift of ultrasound reflected from moving red blood cells.
Doppler optical coherence tomography
Doppler optical coherence tomography, also called optical Doppler tomography, is an imaging method combining OCT with Doppler shift measurement to quantify blood flow velocity in living tissue.
Doppler Pulsed Echocardiography
Pulsed Doppler echocardiography (pulsed-wave, PW Doppler) measures blood flow or tissue velocity at a selected sample volume using pulsed ultrasound; limited by the Nyquist limit and aliasing above roughly 1.5 to 2 m/s.
Doppler Pulsed Ultrasonography
Doppler pulsed ultrasonography, or pulsed-wave Doppler, is an ultrasound technique that measures blood-flow velocity at a specific depth, unlike continuous-wave Doppler, and is used in vascular and cardiac diagnosis.
Doppler ultrasonography
Doppler ultrasonography is an ultrasound technique that measures the frequency shift of sound waves reflected from moving blood cells, assessing blood flow noninvasively in arteries, veins, the heart, and pregnancy.
Doppler ultrasound
Doppler ultrasound is a medical imaging technique that measures the speed, direction, and amount of blood flow by bouncing sound waves off moving red blood cells.
Dora Richter
Dora Richter (1892–1966), Bohemian-born German trans woman, first known person to undergo complete male-to-female gender-affirming surgery: orchiectomy 1922, penectomy and vaginoplasty 1931 at Hirschfeld's Institute for Sexual Science, Berlin; survived the Nazi era, died in Allersberg, Bavaria.
Doravirine
Doravirine (DOR, MK-1439; Pifeltro, Delstrigo) is a pyridinone NNRTI for HIV-1, dosed 100 mg once daily, CYP3A-metabolized, contraindicated with strong CYP3A inducers, active against K103N virus.
Dordaviprone
Dordaviprone, developed as ONC201 and sold as Modeyso, is an oral anticancer drug the FDA approved in August 2025 for H3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma.
Doripenem
Doripenem (Doribax) is an intravenous broad-spectrum carbapenem antibiotic approved in the US in 2007 and EU in 2008 for complicated intra-abdominal and urinary infections; withdrawn in the EU in 2014 and discontinued in the US after a VAP trial showed increased mortality.
Doris E. Roberts
Doris E. Roberts, born in Toledo, Ohio, in 1915, was an American nurse leader who served as a U.S. Public Health Service officer from 1945 to 1975.
Doris R. Schwartz
Doris R. Schwartz (1915–1999) was an American nursing pioneer in public health and aging, a Cornell faculty member for twenty-nine years and a Charter Fellow of the National Academy of Nursing.