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Eardrum
Eardrum (tympanic membrane): thin circular tissue about 1 cm wide separating outer and middle ear, vibrating to transmit sound to the ossicles. Three-layered, derived from all germ layers; about 80% of perforations heal spontaneously.
EARLIER study
EARLIER (DR230226, NCT06235645), full title dEtection of rheumAtoid aRthritis - Interstitial Lung dIseasE by Thoracic ultRasound, is an observational University Hospital, Tours study validating thoracic ultrasound sensitivity and specificity against chest CT in 280 risk-factor-selected RA patients.
Earlobe
Earlobe (lobule): the soft, cartilage-free lower part of the external ear made of fibrofatty tissue; pierced commonly, elongates with age, polygenic attached-versus-free attachment, site of Frank's sign.
Early age-related macular degeneration
Early age-related macular degeneration (early AMD, ICD-11 9B75.00, AREDS category 2) is the AMD stage defined by medium drusen 63–125 µm without pigmentary abnormalities, asymptomatic, low progression risk, no treatment.
Early Ambulation
Early ambulation (early mobilization, early mobility) is the practice of getting patients walking or out of bed sooner than usual, after surgery, in the ICU, after stroke, and after delivery; MeSH-defined since 1976, with trial evidence on weakness, length of stay, and function.
EARLY BOT-SPAS trial
EARLY BOT-SPAS (NCT06811142) is an Early Phase 1 randomized trial by Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social in Mérida, Mexico, testing botulinum toxin type A within 12 weeks after first stroke plus rehabilitation versus rehabilitation alone in 200 adults, with MAS and Barthel Index outcomes.
Early congenital syphilis, latent
Early congenital syphilis, latent (ICD-11 1A60.2) is asymptomatic congenital syphilis of under 2 years' duration, detected only by repeatedly positive serology; managed with penicillin or close serologic follow-up.
Early congenital syphilis, symptomatic
Early congenital syphilis, symptomatic (ICD-11 1A60.0) is symptomatic Treponema pallidum infection acquired in utero, presenting in newborns up to age 2 with rash, rhinitis, hepatosplenomegaly, and bone disease; treated with IV penicillin G for 10 days.
Early Diagnosis
Early diagnosis: identifying a disease at an early stage, typically in symptomatic patients; distinct from screening of asymptomatic populations. Covers WHO's three-step pathway, lead-time, length, and overdiagnosis biases, and the 35-62% diagnostic gap.
Early exfoliation of teeth
Early exfoliation of teeth (ICD-11 LA30.50), also called premature loss of primary teeth: shedding of baby teeth before age 5 or over 12 months early, usually from caries or trauma, but characteristically a sign of hypophosphatasia.
Early goal-directed therapy
Early goal-directed therapy is a six-hour sepsis protocol titrating fluids, vasopressors, transfusion, and dobutamine to targets, introduced in a 2001 trial but no longer recommended after later trials found no mortality benefit.
Early human development
Early human development: the field covering fetal, perinatal, and infant neurodevelopment, and the Elsevier journal Early Human Development (ISSN 0378-3782, founded 1977) publishing that research.
Early infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Early infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (EIDEE), formerly Ohtahara syndrome and early myoclonic encephalopathy, is a severe epilepsy syndrome with drug-resistant tonic or myoclonic seizures, burst-suppression EEG, and onset from birth to 3 months.
Early repolarization syndrome
Early repolarisation syndrome: J-point elevation on ECG (inferior/lateral leads) with ventricular fibrillation without structural heart disease; common benign pattern, rare malignant channelopathy treated with ICD and quinidine.
Early Start Denver Model
The Early Start Denver Model is a play-based early intervention for children ages 12 to 48 months with autism, developed by Sally Rogers and Geraldine Dawson.
Early syphilis
Early syphilis (ICD-11 1A61) covers primary, secondary, and early latent syphilis from Treponema pallidum, the infectious first one to two years; treated with single-dose benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units.
Early warning score
An early warning score (EWS) is a bedside scoring method that turns routinely measured vital signs into one aggregate number used to trigger escalation of clinical care in acute illness.
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease
Early-onset (younger-onset) Alzheimer's disease is Alzheimer's beginning before age 65, about 5% of US cases. Familial forms come from APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 mutations; lecanemab and donanemab modestly slow early symptomatic disease.
Early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease
Early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease (EOAD, EOFAD, ADAD): rare inherited Alzheimer disease with onset usually before 60, caused by fully penetrant PSEN1, APP, or PSEN2 mutations; under 1% of all AD cases.
Early-onset calcifying leukoencephalopathy-skeletal dysplasia
Early-onset calcifying leukoencephalopathy-skeletal dysplasia, also called BANDDOS (OMIM 618476), is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive CSF1R-related disorder combining calcifying leukoencephalopathy, brain malformations, neurodegeneration, and dysosteosclerosis-Pyle spectrum skeletal dysplasia.
Early-onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes
Early-onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes, also called EOCARR or Harding ataxia, is a rare inherited ataxia starting in childhood that resembles Friedreich ataxia but keeps brisk tendon reflexes.
Early-onset dementia
Early-onset (young-onset) dementia, YOD, is dementia with symptom onset before age 65, about 5-8% of cases, Alzheimer's disease only 34%, with long diagnostic delays and frequent psychiatric misdiagnosis.
Early-onset generalized limb-onset dystonia
Early-onset generalized limb-onset dystonia, also DYT1 or DYT-TOR1A or Oppenheim dystonia, a rare autosomal dominant dystonia from the TOR1A c.907_909delGAG deletion, starting in a limb in childhood and generalizing in 60-70% of cases.
Early-onset myopathy with fatal cardiomyopathy
Early-onset myopathy with fatal cardiomyopathy (EOMFC), or Salih myopathy, is a rare autosomal recessive TTN-related titinopathy with infantile skeletal muscle weakness and childhood dilated cardiomyopathy causing death between ages 8 and 20.
Early-onset myopathy-areflexia-respiratory distress-dysphagia syndrome
EMARDD (early-onset myopathy-areflexia-respiratory distress-dysphagia syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital myopathy caused by MEGF10 mutations on 5q23, a satellite cellopathy with neonatal weakness, diaphragmatic paralysis, dysphagia, and areflexia.
Early-onset obesity-hyperphagia-severe developmental delay syndrome
Early-onset obesity-hyperphagia-severe developmental delay syndrome (OBHD, OMIM 613886) is a rare autosomal dominant syndromic obesity caused by NTRK2/TrkB mutations, with hyperphagia, short-term memory and language impairment, and fewer than 10 reported cases.
Early-onset parkinsonism-intellectual disability syndrome
Early-onset parkinsonism-intellectual disability syndrome, or Waisman syndrome (OMIM 311510), is a rare X-linked recessive RAB39B-related disorder with infantile intellectual disability, macrocephaly, and parkinsonism before age 45, mainly in males.
Early-onset spastic ataxia-myoclonic epilepsy-neuropathy syndrome
Early-onset spastic ataxia-myoclonic epilepsy-neuropathy syndrome, also called SPAX5 or autosomal recessive spastic ataxia type 5 (OMIM 614487), is a rare biallelic AFG3L2 mitochondrial m-AAA protease disorder causing childhood spastic ataxia, neuropathy, and myoclonic epilepsy.
Early-onset X-linked optic atrophy
Early-onset X-linked optic atrophy, or optic atrophy type 2 (OPA2), is a rare X-linked recessive disorder in which boys develop progressive vision loss beginning in early childhood.
EARLYDEXCoV2 trial
EARLYDEXCoV2 (EARLY-DEX COVID-19, NCT04836780) was a Spanish randomized open-label trial testing early dexamethasone 6 mg daily for 7 days in hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients without oxygen needs but at high ARDS risk; it found no reduction in ARDS.