Human health and medicine

Envonalkib citrate (TQ-B3139)

Envonalkib citrate (TQ-B3139, CT-711; brand Anluoqing, 安洛晴) is an oral ALK/ROS1/c-Met inhibitor approved in China in June 2024 for first-line ALK-positive advanced NSCLC, with phase III PFS of 24.87 months versus 11.60 for crizotinib.

Enzalutamide

Enzalutamide (Xtandi, formerly MDV3100) is an oral second-generation androgen receptor inhibitor approved in 2012 for prostate cancer, dosed 160 mg daily, used across CRPC, nmCRPC, and mCSPC settings.

Enzastaurin

Enzastaurin (LY317615, AR101) is an oral PKCβ-selective kinase inhibitor developed by Eli Lilly for solid and hematologic cancers; it failed phase III testing in DLBCL and glioblastoma and was never approved.

Enzyme immunoassay

An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is a biochemical test using an enzyme-labeled antibody to detect and quantify analytes in biological samples; the plate-based ELISA is its most common form.

Enzyme Replacement Therapy

Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) administers a missing enzyme, first for Gaucher disease in 1991, later Pompe, Fabry, MPS, alpha-mannosidosis, cTTP (Adzynma), and pancreatic insufficiency; limited by blood-brain barrier and antibodies.

Enzyte

Enzyte, a "natural male enhancement" dietary supplement from Berkeley Premium Nutraceuticals/Vianda of Cincinnati, known for Smiling Bob ads, QTc prolongation findings, and FTC and state fraud settlements.

Oct 20, 2026

EoL-1

EoL-1, also written EOL-1, is a human eosinophilic leukemia cell line established from the blood of a 33-year-old man, known for carrying the FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion kinase.

Eosin staining

Eosin staining is the counterstain step of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) histology, coloring cytoplasm, muscle, collagen, and red blood cells pink while hematoxylin stains nuclei blue-black.

Eosinopenia

Eosinopenia, a decreased blood eosinophil count (normal 0–500 cells/µL), occurs in acute stress, inflammation, glucocorticoid use, and bacterial infection; studied as a cheap rule-in infection marker, less accurate than CRP.

Eosinophilia

Eosinophilia: elevated blood eosinophil count (>500/µL, 0.5×10^9/L), also called hypereosinophilia above 1.5×10^9/L. Causes include allergy, drugs, parasites, and clonal blood disorders such as FIP1L1::PDGFRA disease.

Eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis

Eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis (EAF), also called IgG4-related eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis, is a rare benign fibroinflammatory sinonasal lesion with onion-skin perivascular fibrosis, eosinophil-rich infiltrate, partial IgG4-related disease overlap, and frequent recurrence after resection.

Eosinophilic colitis

Eosinophilic colitis, also called eosinophilic colitis (EoC), is a rare eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease with eosinophil-rich colon inflammation of no secondary cause, peaking in neonates and young adults.

Eosinophilic cystitis

Eosinophilic cystitis (EC), a rare inflammatory bladder disease first described in 1960, features eosinophilic infiltration of the bladder wall, hematuria and frequency, diagnosis by cystoscopic biopsy, and steroid-antihistamine treatment with frequent recurrence.

Eosinophilic duodenitis

Eosinophilic duodenitis (EoD), also called eosinophilic enteritis of the duodenum, is a non-esophageal eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease with excess duodenal mucosal eosinophils; diagnosed by biopsy thresholds (about 30-50 eos/hpf) after excluding other causes.

Eosinophilic esophagitis

Eosinophilic esophagitis, also called allergic eosinophilic esophagitis, is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the esophagus and a leading cause of difficulty swallowing in children and young adults.

Eosinophilic fasciitis

Eosinophilic fasciitis, or Shulman syndrome, is a rare fibrosing disorder of the fascia first described by Shulman in 1974, causing scleroderma-like limb induration with eosinophilia in 63-93% of cases, sparing the fingers, and treated with corticosteroids.

Eosinophilic granuloma

Eosinophilic granuloma, also called eosinophilic granuloma of bone, is the most common, usually unifocal bone form of Langerhans cell histiocytosis, a benign tumor-like proliferation of Langerhans cells treated by observation, steroid injection, or curettage.

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, formerly known as Churg-Strauss syndrome, is a rare ANCA-associated vasculitis first reported in 1951, defined by asthma, eosinophilia, and necrotizing inflammation of small and medium blood vessels.

Eosinophilic meningitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis

Eosinophilic meningitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis, also called neuroangiostrongyliasis, is meningitis with eosinophils in the spinal fluid, caused by rat lungworm larvae in raw snails, slugs, or crustaceans.

Eosinophilic myocarditis

Eosinophilic myocarditis (EM), also called Löffler endomyocarditis in its chronic form, is a rare inflammatory cardiomyopathy with eosinophilic infiltration of the heart muscle, caused by hypersensitivity, EGPA, HES, parasites, or idiopathic factors, and treated with cause-specific therapy plus corticosteroids.

Eosinophilic peritonitis

Eosinophilic peritonitis, also called peritoneal fluid eosinophilia, is a rare non-infectious, presumably allergic PD complication with eosinophil-rich cloudy dialysate, negative cultures, onset within a month of catheter insertion, treated with steroids or antihistamines.

EP regimen

The EP regimen, also written as PE, is a chemotherapy doublet of etoposide and cisplatin used mainly for small cell lung cancer and germ cell tumors including testicular cancer.

Oct 20, 2026

Epacadostat

Epacadostat (INCB024360) is Incyte's oral IDO1 inhibitor for cancer immunotherapy. Its phase 3 melanoma trial ECHO-301/KEYNOTE-252 showed no benefit over pembrolizumab alone, halting most development.

Epafipase

Epafipase (rPAF-AH, Pafase), INN 8012, CAS 208576-22-1, is investigational recombinant human platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase that inactivates PAF; its phase III sepsis trial failed to reduce mortality.

Epalrestat

Epalrestat (エパルレスタット), brand Kinedak, is an oral aldose reductase inhibitor developed by Ono Pharmaceutical for diabetic peripheral neuropathy; approved in Japan in 1992, it is the only marketed ARI, used in Japan, India, and China.

EPaNIC trial

EPaNIC (Early Parenteral Nutrition Completing Enteral Nutrition in Adult Critically Ill Patients), NCT00512122, was a 4640-patient randomized trial showing that withholding parenteral nutrition until ICU day 8 reduced infections, ventilation, and costs versus early PN without a mortality penalty.