25,729 articles
Enteric nervous system
Enteric nervous system (ENS), the gut's "second brain": intrinsic network of over 500 million neurons and glia in the gastrointestinal wall, forming myenteric and submucosal plexuses, controlling motility and secretion autonomously of the CNS.
Enteric neuron
Enteric neuron, a neuron of the enteric nervous system ("second brain"), located in myenteric and submucosal plexuses; sensory, interneuron, motor, and secretomotor types operating largely independently of the CNS.
Enteritis
Enteritis: inflammation of the small intestine, also called gastroenteritis or enterocolitis. Usually infectious from contaminated food or water; also caused by Crohn disease, NSAIDs, radiation. Symptoms resolve in days in healthy people; rehydration is key.
Enterography
Enterography is a radiological technique in which the small bowel is imaged by CT or MRI after the patient drinks a large volume of contrast, chiefly to diagnose and monitor Crohn's disease.
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infection, also called STEC or VTEC infection, is a foodborne illness from Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, mainly O157:H7, causing bloody diarrhea and haemolytic uraemic syndrome, transmitted via undercooked beef, raw milk, and contaminated produce.
Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli infection
Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) infection, ICD-11 1A03.2 / ICD-10 A04.2, is a Shigella-like invasive colonic E. coli pathotype causing watery diarrhea, sometimes dysentery, transmitted fecal-orally.
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) infection: diarrheal disease from an attaching-and-effacing E. coli pathotype carrying the LEE island; once the first E. coli linked to infant diarrhea, still a major cause in developing countries.
Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma
Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL), formerly type I EATL, is a rare aggressive intestinal T-cell lymphoma linked to coeliac disease and refractory coeliac disease type II; sibling entity MEITL. Median survival about 5 months; ASCT improves outcomes.
Enteroscopy
Enteroscopy is an endoscopic examination of the small intestine for obscure bleeding, tumors, and Crohn's disease; device-assisted techniques use balloons or a spiral overtube to reach deep bowel.
Enterosorption
Enterosorption: adsorption of gut contents onto an oral sorbent such as activated charcoal, used in overdose decontamination; term coined in the Soviet Union, dosing 10:1 charcoal-to-toxin, 25-100 g adults.
Enterostomy
An enterostomy is a surgical connection between a segment of the gastrointestinal tract and the abdominal wall skin, created for fecal diversion; more than 130,000 intestinal stomas are created yearly in the United States.
Enterotomy
An enterotomy is a surgical incision into the small intestine, performed to remove a foreign body, gallstone, or bezoar that cannot pass or be removed endoscopically.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection, ICD-11 1A03.1, is toxin-mediated watery diarrhoea from LT/ST-producing E. coli; about 220 million episodes yearly, the leading cause of traveller's diarrhoea.
Enteroviral meningitis
Enteroviral meningitis is viral meningitis caused by non-polio enteroviruses, the leading identified cause of viral meningitis. EV-B species, especially echovirus 30, dominate outbreaks, which peak in summer, mainly affect children, and are confirmed by CSF PCR.
Enterovirus 71 inactivated vaccine
An enterovirus 71 inactivated vaccine is a whole-virus vaccine grown in mammalian cells and chemically killed, licensed in China and Taiwan against severe EV71 hand, foot, and mouth disease.
Enthesitis-related juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Enthesitis-related juvenile idiopathic arthritis (ERA) is a subtype of childhood arthritis in which joints and tendon attachment sites become inflamed, linked to HLA-B27 and mostly affecting boys.
Entinostat
Entinostat (MS-275, SNDX-275) is an oral class I-selective benzamide HDAC inhibitor (HDAC1/HDAC3) studied in breast cancer and other tumors; approved in China in 2024, with PFS benefit but no overall survival gain in meta-analysis.
Entoptic phenomenon
Entoptic phenomenon: visual sensations arising inside the eye itself, including floaters, blue field entoptic phenomenon (Scheerer phenomenon), Haidinger's brushes, and the Purkinje tree; used clinically to measure macular blood flow.
Entorhinal cortex
The entorhinal cortex is a medial temporal lobe region acting as the gateway between the hippocampus and neocortex, central to memory and containing grid cells for navigation.
Entospletinib
Entospletinib (GS-9973) is an oral, selective SYK inhibitor for hematologic malignancies; 61% ORR in relapsed/refractory CLL, 32.7% after BCR inhibitors; not FDA approved.
Entrectinib
Entrectinib (Rozlytrek) is an oral TRKA/B/C, ROS1, and ALK inhibitor for NTRK fusion-positive solid tumors and ROS1-positive NSCLC, approved in Japan (2019), the US (2019), and the EU (2020), with CNS-penetrant activity.
Enucleation of the eye
Enucleation of the eye is surgical removal of the entire globe, unlike evisceration (contents only) or exenteration (whole orbit). First documented by Bartisch in 1583; used for intraocular malignancy, blind painful eye, and trauma, usually with an orbital implant and later prosthesis.
Enuresis
Enuresis (nocturnal enuresis, bedwetting): involuntary urination during sleep at age 5 or older without neurological disease. Classified primary/secondary and mono/non-monosymptomatic; driven by nocturnal polyuria, small bladder capacity, and high arousal threshold; treated with alarm therapy and desmopressin.
EnVAC (EV71 vaccine, Envacgen)
Envacgen (恩穩健), Medigen's inactivated whole-virus EV71 (enterovirus A71) vaccine, B4 genotype, Vero-cell made; 96.8% efficacy in phase 3; approved in Taiwan 2023 and first EV-A71 vaccine authorized in Vietnam 2026.
Envafolimab
Envafolimab (ENWEIDA, 恩维达, KN035) is a subcutaneously injectable humanized single-domain anti-PD-L1 antibody fused to human IgG1 Fc, approved in China in November 2021 for previously treated MSI-H/dMMR advanced solid tumors.
Environmental Exposure
Environmental exposure: contact with harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment (MeSH D004781), via inhalation, ingestion, or dermal routes; studied through exposure assessment, pathways, and the exposome in environmental epidemiology.
Environmental health
Environmental health is the branch of public health concerned with physical, chemical, and biological factors outside the body that affect health, such as air pollution and unsafe water.
Environmental health perspectives
Environmental Health Perspectives (EHP) is a monthly open-access journal of environmental health research founded by NIEHS in 1972, transferred to the American Chemical Society after a 2025 suspension.
Environmental Medicine
Environmental medicine is the medical specialty concerned with environmental factors in human disease, covering exposures to chemical and physical hazards through contaminated soil, water, and air.
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental monitoring: systematic ongoing collection and analysis of environmental data (air, water, radiation, chemical exposure) for public health action, from historical surveillance roots to CDC tracking, WHO air guidelines, and low-cost sensor networks.