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Ernest Amory Codman
Ernest Amory Codman (1869–1940) was a Boston surgeon who pioneered tracking patient outcomes, proposing that hospitals follow every patient and ask "if not, why not?"
Eroom's law
Eroom's law, named by spelling Moore's law backwards, describes the decline in new drugs approved per billion inflation-adjusted R&D dollars since the 1950s, raising drug development costs.
Erosion of teeth
Erosion of teeth (dental erosion, erosive tooth wear, ICD-11 DA08.12) is irreversible acid dissolution of enamel and dentine without bacteria, from gastric acid or dietary, medicinal, and occupational acids, common in children and adults.
Erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (erosive oesophagitis, reflux esophagitis): GERD with endoscopic mucosal breaks graded LA A-D; LA-B or higher is conclusive evidence, treated with PPIs or P-CABs.
Erosive osteoarthritis
Erosive osteoarthritis is a severe, inflammatory form of hand osteoarthritis affecting mainly postmenopausal women, in which central subchondral erosions in the finger joints produce a gull-wing appearance on radiographs.
Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp
Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp (EPDS), also called erosive pustulosis, is a rare chronic inflammatory scalp disease of the elderly causing pustules, erosions, crusts, and scarring alopecia, treated mainly with potent topical corticosteroids.
Erotic asphyxiation
Erotic asphyxiation (breath play, asphyxiophilia) restricts oxygen or blood flow to the brain for sexual arousal; autoerotic forms cause an estimated 250-1,000 US deaths yearly, mostly by hanging.
Erotomania
Erotomania, or de Clérambault's syndrome, is a delusional disorder in which the patient believes a higher-status person loves them despite no contact; classified in ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR, linked to stalking, treated with antipsychotics and separation.
Erotomanic delusion
Erotomanic delusion (erotomania, de Clérambault's syndrome, ICD-11 MB26.04): the fixed belief that a higher-status person is in love with one; a delusional disorder subtype marked by paradoxical rationalization, stalking risk, and mood-disorder comorbidity.
Ersodetug
Ersodetug (RZ358, XOMA 358) is Rezolute's investigational fully human IgG2 monoclonal antibody, a negative allosteric modulator of the insulin receptor, in Phase 3 trials for congenital and tumor hyperinsulinism hypoglycemia; not yet approved.
ERTAAD study
ERTAAD (European Registry of Type A Aortic Dissection), NCT04831073, is a retrospective multicenter European registry of 3,902 patients operated for acute type A aortic dissection from 2005 to 2021, reporting about 18% in-hospital mortality, urgency-grade risk stratification, and 15-year durability of repair strategies.
Eruptive xanthoma
Eruptive xanthoma, ICD-11 EB90.22, is a skin marker of severe hypertriglyceridemia: sudden crops of 1–5 mm yellow papules on extensor surfaces and buttocks, with dermal foam cells on biopsy, resolving as triglycerides fall.
Erysipelas
Erysipelas (Greek erythros + pella, red skin), also historically St. Anthony's fire, is a superficial dermal infection usually caused by group A Streptococcus, sharply demarcated, classically facial but now mostly on the legs, treated with antibiotics.
Erysipelas of face
Erysipelas of face (ICD-11 1B70.00), also called St. Anthony's fire: acute streptococcal infection of facial skin and superficial lymphatics, butterfly rash, treated with penicillin, historically common but now a rare site.
Erysipeloid
Erysipeloid (erysipeloid of Rosenbach, fish handler's disease) is an occupational skin infection caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, entering via cuts, causing a violaceous hand rash 2-7 days after exposure, treated with penicillin.
Erythema ab igne
Erythema ab igne (toasted skin syndrome) is a reticulated hyperpigmented rash from chronic moderate heat exposure below burn threshold, historically from fires and now from laptops, heating pads, and heaters; treat by removing the heat source.
Erythema elevatum diutinum
Erythema elevatum diutinum (EED), a rare chronic leukocytoclastic small-vessel vasculitis among neutrophilic dermatoses; red-brown nodules on extensor surfaces, linked to HIV, IgA gammopathy, and autoimmune disease; treated with dapsone.
Erythema induratum of Bazin
Erythema induratum of Bazin (Bazin disease, tuberculosis cutis indurativa) is a tuberculid causing recurrent ulcerating nodules on women's calves, linked to Mycobacterium tuberculosis hypersensitivity.
Erythema marginatum
Erythema marginatum is an evanescent, non-pruritic, serpiginous pink rash of the trunk and proximal limbs, a rare but major Jones criterion of acute rheumatic fever and a prodromal sign of hereditary angioedema.
Erythema marginatum rheumaticum
Erythema marginatum rheumaticum (ICD-11 EA50.0) is the annular, evanescent, non-pruritic skin eruption of acute rheumatic fever, occurring in up to 10% of cases, mainly in children aged 5-15, and a major Jones criterion.
Erythema multiforme
Erythema multiforme (EM) is an immune-mediated, self-limiting mucocutaneous rash with target lesions, usually triggered by herpes simplex virus type 1; distinct from Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.
Erythema multiforme major
Erythema multiforme major (EM majus, erythema exsudativum multiforme majus) is erythema multiforme with mucosal involvement at two or more sites, mainly herpes-triggered, self-limiting, and distinct from Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
Erythema nodosum
Erythema nodosum (EN), the most common panniculitis, causes tender red nodules on the shins, mainly in women aged 25–40, triggered by streptococcal infection, sarcoidosis, IBD, drugs, or pregnancy, resolving in 2–8 weeks.
Erythema palmare hereditarium
Erythema palmare hereditarium, or Lane's disease, is a rare benign inherited condition of persistent, asymptomatic red palms (sometimes soles) beginning at birth or infancy; 17 reported cases as of 2021, no treatment needed.
Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea
Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR), formerly NRS Subtype 1 and ICD-11 ED90.00, is the flushing and persistent facial redness presentation of rosacea, treated with brimonidine, oxymetazoline, laser, and IPL.
Erythrasma
Erythrasma, also called Corynebacterium minutissimum infection, is a chronic superficial bacterial skin infection of intertriginous folds (groin, axillae, toe webs), diagnosed by coral-red Wood's lamp fluorescence from coproporphyrin III, treated topically with fusidic acid or orally with clarithromycin, and prone to recurrence.
Erythrocytapheresis
Erythrocytapheresis is an apheresis procedure in which a device removes a patient's red blood cells and replaces them with donor cells, most often to treat sickle cell disease.
Erythrocyte Aggregation
Erythrocyte aggregation, or rouleaux formation, is the reversible low-shear clumping of red blood cells driven by plasma proteins such as fibrinogen via bridging and depletion mechanisms, raising blood viscosity and the ESR.
Erythrocyte Count
Erythrocyte count (RBC count, red count): a blood test measuring red blood cells per volume, almost always part of a CBC. Normal about 4–6 × 10^12/L, lower in women; used to diagnose anemia and polycythemia.
Erythrocyte Indices
Erythrocyte indices (RBC indices): MCV, MCH, MCHC, and RDW, calculated from the complete blood count to classify anemia by red cell size and hemoglobin content; Wintrobe-derived, with discrimination formulas of limited cross-population reliability.