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Faciocardiorenal syndrome
Faciocardiorenal syndrome, also called Eastman-Bixler syndrome, is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder marked by intellectual disability, horseshoe kidney, and congenital heart defects, first described by Eastman and Bixler in 1977.
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), also called Landouzy-Dejerine dystrophy, is an autosomal dominant muscle disease caused by DUX4 derepression via D4Z4 contraction (FSHD1) or SMCHD1-related hypomethylation (FSHD2), affecting face, shoulders, and upper arms.
Factitious disorder
Factitious disorder (Munchausen syndrome; FDIA, ICD-11 6D51): intentional feigning or induction of illness without external reward, distinct from malingering and somatic symptom disorder; about 1% clinical prevalence, 6-9% mortality in proxy cases.
Factitious disorder imposed on another
Factitious disorder imposed on another (FDIA), formerly Munchausen syndrome by proxy, is a DSM-5-TR disorder in which a caregiver falsifies or induces illness in a dependent, usually a child, for attention rather than material gain.
Factitious disorder imposed on self
Factitious disorder imposed on self, formerly Munchausen syndrome, is a mental disorder in which a person deliberately fakes or induces illness in themselves to assume the sick role, without external rewards, distinguished from malingering by internal motivation.
Factor V Leiden
Factor V Leiden (FVL, factor V R506Q) is the most common inherited thrombophilia, an F5 gene mutation causing activated protein C resistance; carried by 3–8% of Europeans, it raises venous thromboembolism risk but only marginally increases recurrence.
Factor VIII
Factor VIII (antihemophilic factor) is the clotting cofactor deficient in hemophilia A; carried by von Willebrand factor, half-life 8–16 h, cloned 1984, recombinant since 1992, extended half-life and mimetic alternatives now available.
Factor X
Factor X (Stuart–Prower factor) is a vitamin K-dependent liver serine protease, first enzyme of the common coagulation pathway, encoded by F10 on 13q34; its inherited deficiency affects about 1 per million people.
Fad diet
Fad diet, also called crash diet: an eating plan promoted as the fastest way to lose weight without standard dietetic basis. Evidence shows popular diets produce similar ~5% short-term loss, weight regain, and health risks.
Faecal calprotectin
Faecal calprotectin: stool measure of the neutrophil S-100 protein calprotectin, used to distinguish IBD from IBS and monitor IBD activity; typical cut-off 50 µg/g, high negative predictive value.
Faecal incontinence
Faecal (fecal, bowel) incontinence is the recurrent involuntary passage of stool, affecting about 8% of adults worldwide, more often women and older people; managed first with diet, medication, and pelvic floor exercises.
Faecal smearing
Faecal smearing (便汚染), ICD-11 code ME07.0, is a specified subtype of faecal incontinence (ME07), classified alongside incomplete defaecation and faecal urgency, with encopresis excluded.
Faecal urgency
Faecal urgency, also called fecal urgency, is a sudden, compelling need to defecate that is difficult to defer, and a major risk factor for fecal incontinence.
Failed attempted abortion
Failed attempted abortion (ICD-10 O07; ICD-11 JA00.3; French: Echec d'une tentative d'avortement) is a classification category for an abortion attempt that fails, leaving ongoing pregnancy or retained products, with complication-based subdivisions.
Failed induction of labour
Failed induction of labour (ICD-11 JB01) is an unsuccessful attempt to stimulate contractions before spontaneous labour. No accepted definition exists; a 2025 review found 112 definitions in 96 studies, with cervical status the main predictor.
Failed or difficult intubation
Failed or difficult intubation: inability to place a tracheal tube, or needing multiple attempts (difficult airway, CICO). Predictors include prior difficult intubation, Mallampati 3-4, short thyromental distance; managed by DAS/ASA algorithms.
Failure to thrive
Failure to thrive (FTT), now termed faltering weight or faltering growth, is subnormal weight gain in infancy or childhood; affects about 5-10% of primary care children, usually multifactorial, renamed by the 2026 AAP/NASPGHAN guideline.
Failure to thrive in newborn
Failure to thrive in newborn (ICD-11 KD32.4), now called growth faltering or faltering weight, is slower than expected newborn weight gain, usually from inadequate caloric intake; defined by z-score cutoffs and treated with calorie-dense feeding.
FALCOn study
FALCOn (Facteur AnthropoLogique Cancer Orl), NCT03663985, is a completed French observational study from Institut Claudius Regaud on how surgeons', oncologists', and radiotherapists' anthropological and sociocultural factors influence head and neck cancer treatment decisions.
Faldaprevir
Faldaprevir (BI 201335) is Boehringer Ingelheim's once-daily, second-generation HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor for genotype 1 hepatitis C; phase 3 completed but EMA application withdrawn in June 2014, never approved.
Fall prevention
Fall prevention: clinical, exercise, medication, and home-modification measures to reduce falls in older adults. Key facts: 684,000 global fall deaths yearly; exercise cuts fall rates ~30%; CDC STEADI screening.
Fallopian tube
Fallopian tube (uterine tube, oviduct): one of a pair of 11-12 cm conduits from ovary to uterus, site of fertilization, named for Gabriele Falloppio; common site of ectopic pregnancy and origin of high-grade serous ovarian cancer.
Fallopian tube obstruction
Fallopian tube obstruction: blockage of one or both fallopian tubes causing tubal factor infertility (30–40% of female infertility). Diagnosed by HSG, HyCoSy/HyFoSy, laparoscopy; treated with tubal surgery, catheterization, or IVF.
Fallopian Tube Patency Tests
Fallopian tube patency tests, chiefly HSG, HyCoSy, HyFoSy, and laparoscopy with chromopertubation, determine whether the fallopian tubes are open; tubal factor causes up to 35% of infertility, driving test choice and accuracy trade-offs.
FallT2DMOLD trial
FallT2DMOLD (NCT06345118) is a randomized controlled trial at Vietnam's National Geriatric Hospital testing the 24-week Otago Exercise Program against standard care in 80 older adults with type 2 diabetes, measuring falls, TUG, and Berg Balance Scale.
False awakening
False awakening: a dream in which the sleeper believes they have woken up, typically during REM sleep. Also called a false awakening loop when repeated; related to lucid dreaming and sleep paralysis.
False Positive Reactions
False Positive Reactions: MeSH descriptor D005189 for positive test results in people lacking the tested attribute, i.e., healthy people labeled diseased; rate equals 1 minus specificity, driven by low prevalence and low pretest probability.
False pregnancy
False pregnancy (pseudocyesis, phantom pregnancy) is a rare psychosomatic syndrome in which a nonpregnant person believes they are pregnant and shows real pregnancy signs, with negative hCG tests and ultrasound, treated with imaging confirmation plus psychological care.
False-positive serological test for syphilis
False-positive serological test for syphilis (biologic false positive, BFP; ICD-11 MA14.16): a reactive nontreponemal test such as RPR or VDRL caused by conditions other than syphilis, including autoimmune disease, HIV, malaria, pregnancy, and vaccination; occurs in roughly 0.2%–0.8% of the population and is resolved by confirmatory treponemal testing.
FAME trial (NCT03709147)
FAME trial (NCT03709147): phase II Milan trial testing metformin with or without fasting-mimicking diet added to platinum-pemetrexed chemoimmunotherapy for advanced LKB1-inactive lung adenocarcinoma; terminated for low recruitment.