25,729 articles
F12-associated cold autoinflammatory syndrome
FACAS (FXII-associated cold autoinflammatory syndrome) is a rare autosomal dominant autoinflammatory disease caused by F12 p.W268R mutation, causing cold-induced urticarial rash, arthralgia, and IL-1β and bradykinin-mediated inflammation from infancy.
Fabomotizole
Fabomotizole (Afobazol, Афобазол, CM-346) is a non-benzodiazepine benzimidazole anxiolytic registered in Russia in 2006; a sigma-1 receptor agonist also binding NQO2, MAO-A, and melatonin receptors, dosed 30–60 mg/day for anxiety.
Face
Face: front of the head, moved by the facial nerve (CN VII) with five motor branches plus taste, salivary, and lacrimal functions; facial nerve palsy, mostly Bell's palsy, is its main disorder.
Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic
Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic: cloth, surgical, and N95/FFP2 coverings used for source control and wearer protection against SARS-CoV-2. Key evidence includes the Bangladesh cluster trial (~9% reduction) and Cochrane 2023 (little or no community effect).
Face transplant
Face transplant: vascularized composite allotransplantation replacing all or part of the face with deceased-donor tissue. First done in France in 2005 on Isabelle Dinoire; about 50 performed, 85% five-year survival, lifelong immunosuppression required.
FACE-TC trial
FACE-TC trial: a 4-site randomized trial (126 dyads, 2016-2019) testing Family-Centered Advance Care Planning for Teens With Cancer, three weekly sessions that improved adolescent-family end-of-life congruence for 1 year and advance directive documentation (80% vs 19%).
Facet joint
Facet joint (zygapophysial joint): paired synovial joints between adjacent vertebrae, the only true synovial joints between spinal levels in humans; carry up to 33% of segment load, heavily innervated, common site of osteoarthritis and chronic back pain.
Facet syndrome
Facet syndrome, also called facet joint arthritis, is pain from the spine's facet joints, typically low back pain radiating to the buttocks or thighs above the knee.
Facetectomy
Facetectomy is a spinal surgery that removes part or all of a facet joint, decompressing nerve roots or providing access to the disc space in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.
Facial
Facial: a noninvasive multi-step skin treatment (cleansing, exfoliation, extraction, mask, moisturizer) performed by aestheticians; distinct from medical procedures like deep peels, injectables, and FDA-regulated microneedling devices.
Facial asymmetry
Facial asymmetry: differences in size, shape, or position between the right and left sides of the face. Also called asymmetric face. Normal in everyone; clinically significant in 12–37% of US orthodontic patients; causes grouped as congenital, acquired, developmental.
Facial dermoid cyst
Facial dermoid cyst (dermoid cyst of the face), a rare benign congenital cyst from entrapped ectoderm along embryonic fusion lines, containing hair follicles and sebaceous glands, most often periorbital or nasal, with midline risk of intracranial extension.
Facial diplegia with paresthesias
Facial diplegia with paresthesias (bifacial weakness with paresthesias, FDP, BFP) is a rare Guillain-Barré syndrome variant with bilateral facial palsy, distal limb paresthesias, minimal weakness, and usually absent reflexes.
Facial dysmorphism-corpus callosum hypoplasia-infantile epileptic encephalopathy
Facial dysmorphism-corpus callosum hypoplasia-infantile epileptic encephalopathy, also called WOREE syndrome or EIEE28, is an autosomal recessive WWOX-related epileptic encephalopathy with infantile drug-resistant seizures, thin corpus callosum, microcephaly, and genotype-dependent survival.
Facial dysmorphism-hypertrichosis-epilepsy-intellectual disability/developmental delay-gingival overgrowth syndrome
Facial dysmorphism-hypertrichosis-epilepsy-intellectual disability/developmental delay-gingival overgrowth syndrome (FHEIG) is a rare genetic disorder marked by epilepsy, generalized hypertrichosis, severe gingival overgrowth, and intellectual disability, caused by dominant KCNK4 variants.
Facial dysmorphism-immunodeficiency-livedo-short stature syndrome
FILS syndrome (facial dysmorphism-immunodeficiency-livedo-short stature syndrome, OMIM 615139) is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by biallelic hypomorphic POLE mutations, causing malar hypoplasia, recurrent infections, low IgM/IgG2, livedo, and short stature with normal growth hormone.
Facial dysmorphism-Intellectual disability-rhombencephalosynapsis syndrome
Facial dysmorphism-Intellectual disability-rhombencephalosynapsis syndrome, also called MN1 C-terminal truncation (MCTT) or CEBALID syndrome, is a rare gain-of-function MN1 disorder with intellectual disability, language delay, distinctive facies, and partial rhombencephalosynapsis.
Facial dysmorphism-lens dislocation-anterior segment abnormalities-spontaneous filtering blebs syndrome
Traboulsi syndrome, also called FDLAB syndrome (OMIM 601552), is an extremely rare autosomal recessive eye disorder caused by ASPH variants, featuring lens dislocation, anterior segment abnormalities, flat cheeks, a beaked nose, and spontaneous filtering blebs.
Facial dysmorphism-ocular anomalies-osteopenia-intellectual disability-dental anomalies syndrome
Facial dysmorphism-ocular anomalies-osteopenia-intellectual disability-dental anomalies syndrome, or Hamamy syndrome, is an extremely rare IRX5-related autosomal recessive disorder with hypertelorism, myopia, bone fragility, and dental defects.
Facial electromyography
Facial electromyography (facial EMG) records the electrical activity of facial muscles with surface or needle electrodes, to diagnose facial palsy and measure emotion in research.
Facial feminization surgery
Facial feminization surgery (FFS), also called facial gender confirmation surgery, is a set of bone and soft-tissue procedures feminizing the face, pioneered by Douglas Ousterhout in 1980s San Francisco, with complication rates under 5% and improved quality-of-life outcomes.
Facial hair
Facial hair, mainly the male beard and mustache, is androgen-dependent terminal hair. Covers follicle biology, ethnic variation, shaving effects, care, minoxidil use, and cultural history.
Facial muscles
Facial muscles (mimetic muscles, musculi faciales): about 20-30 flat skeletal muscles per side arising from the 2nd pharyngeal arch, innervated by facial nerve CN VII, inserting into facial skin to produce expression; grouped orbital, oral, nasal, auricular, scalp, neck.
Facial myokymia
Facial myokymia, also called eyelid myokymia in its commonest form, is fine rippling of facial nerve-innervated muscles; benign eyelid twitching is self-limited, while persistent unilateral rippling suggests brainstem tumor, multiple sclerosis, or Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Facial nerve
Facial nerve (CN VII), seventh cranial nerve with motor and intermediate roots; supplies facial expression muscles, taste anterior two-thirds of tongue, and lacrimal/submandibular/sublingual glands; exits via stylomastoid foramen; Bell's palsy.
Facial nerve paralysis
Facial nerve paralysis, loss of facial muscle movement from facial nerve (CN VII) damage; most often idiopathic Bell's palsy with onset under 72 hours, treated with corticosteroids within 72 hours.
Facial neuritis
Facial neuritis (ICD-11 8B88.3, 顔面神経炎) is inflammation of the facial nerve causing unilateral facial weakness; most often Bell's palsy, treated with corticosteroids within 72 hours, with good prognosis.
Facial onset sensory and motor neuronopathy
FOSMN syndrome, facial onset sensory and motor neuronopathy, is a rare neurodegenerative disease first described by Vucic in 2006, starting with trigeminal facial numbness and progressing to bulbar and limb motor neuron dysfunction, likely a TDP-43 proteinopathy in the ALS-FTD spectrum.
Facial skeleton
Facial skeleton (viscerocranium, splanchnocranium): the 14 bones at the front of the human skull, including the maxilla and the mandible, the skull's only movable bone; supports the face and houses sensory and respiratory structures.
Facies (medicine)
Facies (medicine): the characteristic facial appearance suggesting a specific disease, e.g., elfin facies of Williams syndrome; Latin for face; a MeSH-indexed physical examination sign, not to be confused with facial expression.