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Fracture of talus
A fracture of the talus is a break of the talus, the hindfoot bone between the tibia and calcaneus, usually caused by high-energy trauma such as a motor vehicle collision.
Fracture of thoracic vertebra
Fracture of thoracic vertebra (T1-T12): vertebral break from high-energy trauma or osteoporosis, classified by Denis three-column and AO Spine type A/B/C systems; stable compression fractures treated conservatively, unstable burst, distraction, and fracture-dislocation injuries surgically.
Fracture of vault of skull
Fracture of vault of skull (ICD-11 NA02.0, ICD-10 S02.0XXA): a break in the calvarium, the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal bones, from head trauma; isolated linear fractures have very low risk of neurosurgery or death.
Fracture of zygoma
Fracture of zygoma (zygomaticomaxillary complex, tripod, or malar fracture): break of the cheekbone from blunt midface trauma; second most common facial fracture, mostly young males, diagnosed by CT, treated surgically when displaced.
Fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency
FXPOI (Fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency) is ovarian failure before age 40 in women carrying an FMR1 premutation of 55-200 CGG repeats; about 20% of carriers are affected, with irregular periods, infertility, and early menopause.
Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome
FXTAS (fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder of FMR1 premutation carriers (55–200 CGG repeats), causing intention tremor, cerebellar ataxia, and cognitive decline after age 50, mainly in men.
Fragment screening
Fragment screening is a drug discovery method that tests very small molecules for weak binding to target proteins, which are then grown into drug leads.
FRAIL scale
The FRAIL scale is a five-item self-report questionnaire screening older adults for physical frailty, proposed in 2008 and validated in 2012, requiring no physical examination.
Frail-LAAC study
Frail-LAAC (NCT05257954) is a prospective multicenter study of frailty in left atrial appendage closure, also called LAAC frailty assessment. It found frailty (Essential Frailty Toolset ≥3) in 22.4% of 452 patients and a 5-fold higher mortality risk.
Frailty score
A frailty score is a clinical assessment tool that quantifies an older patient's frailty to guide diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decisions, with over 50 instruments identified.
FRAILTY study
FRAILTY (Factors Affecting the Quality of Life After Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults), NCT04839887, is a prospective single-center observational cohort at University Hospital Olomouc studying fatigue, pain, social support, and quality of life in working-age ischemic stroke patients.
FRAME trial
The FRAME trial (Fetal gRowth AbnorMality dEtection Trial, NCT05043753) is a two-arm Italian randomized trial testing whether midwife-performed point-of-care ultrasound of fetal abdominal circumference plus fundal height beats fundal height alone for detecting small and large for gestational age infants.
Framingham Heart Study
Framingham Heart Study, begun 1948 in Framingham, Massachusetts under the NHLBI: a longitudinal cohort study of 5,209 original participants, later six cohorts, that identified major cardiovascular risk factors and produced the Framingham risk score.
Framingham Risk Score
Framingham Risk Score (FRS): algorithm estimating 10-year coronary heart disease or cardiovascular disease risk from age, cholesterol, blood pressure, smoking, and sex; derived from the Framingham Heart Study, most-validated CVD risk model, tends to overestimate risk without recalibration.
Frances Cress Welsing
Frances Cress Welsing (1935–2016), also Frances Luella Welsing, American psychiatrist and Howard University M.D. (1962) who wrote the 1970 Cress Theory of Color-Confrontation and The Isis Papers (1991), explaining racism as a global white-supremacy system.
Frances Oldham Kelsey
Frances Oldham Kelsey (1914–2015), Canadian-born pharmacologist and FDA medical officer, refused U.S. approval of thalidomide (Kevadon) in 1960 despite sponsor pressure, averting thousands of birth defects; honored with the 1962 President's Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service.
Francis Hoeffer McMechan
Francis Hoeffer McMechan (1879–1939) was an American physician who, after arthritis ended his clinical practice, built organized anesthesiology in the United States from 1915 to 1939.
Francisco G. Cigarroa M.D.
Francisco González Cigarroa is an American pediatric and transplant surgeon at UT Health San Antonio who served as Chancellor of the University of Texas System from 2009 to 2015.
Francisco García (physician)
Francisco García is an American physician and epidemiologist who led Pima County, Arizona's public-health response through the COVID-19 pandemic and was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2023.
François Olivennes
François Olivennes, French gynecologist-obstetrician and IVF specialist who worked with René Frydman at Antoine Béclère, directed Cochin's reproductive medicine unit from 2002, then practiced at Eylau-La Muette; author of Mille et un bébés.
Frank A. Riddick Jr
Frank Adams Riddick Jr. (1931–2014) was an American endocrinologist and physician-executive who led the Ochsner Clinic in New Orleans as CEO from 1975 to 1992.
Frank V. deGruy III
Frank V. deGruy III, also known as Frank Verloin deGruy III, is an American family physician and researcher of mental health care in primary care at the University of Colorado.
Frank-Ter Haar syndrome
Frank-Ter Haar syndrome, also known as Ter Haar syndrome and formerly Borrone dermatocardioskeletal syndrome, is a rare inherited bone dysplasia with enlarged corneas, skeletal anomalies, and developmental delay.
Frank–Starling law
Frank–Starling law (Starling's law of the heart): intrinsic cardiac mechanism whereby greater ventricular filling (preload) stretches myocardial fibers and increases stroke volume; named for Otto Frank (1895 frog heart) and Ernest Starling (1915 law of the heart).
Franklin D. Murphy
Franklin David Murphy (1916–1994) was an American physician and university chancellor who led the University of Kansas and UCLA before chairing the Times Mirror Company, publisher of the Los Angeles Times.
Franz Mesmer
Franz Anton Mesmer (1734–1815), Viennese physician and founder of 'animal magnetism' (mesmerism), claimed an invisible universal fluid could cure disease; his 1784 debunking by the Franklin commission seeded the concept of suggestion and modern hypnosis.
Fraser syndrome
Fraser syndrome (cryptophthalmos-syndactyly syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive malformation disorder caused by FRAS1, FREM2, or GRIP1 variants, featuring cryptophthalmos, syndactyly, and urogenital anomalies; distinct from WT1-related Frasier syndrome.
Frasier syndrome
Frasier syndrome (FS, OMIM 136680) is a rare WT1 intron 9 splice-site disorder causing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 46,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis, and high gonadoblastoma risk, distinct from Denys-Drash syndrome.
Fraternal birth order and male sexual orientation
Fraternal birth order effect (FBOE): each older brother raises a man's odds of homosexuality by about 33%, attributed to the maternal immune hypothesis (H-Y antigens); pooled OBOR 1.47, challenged in 2023 as a statistical artefact.
FRAX
FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool) is a computer algorithm estimating 10-year fracture probability from clinical risk factors, launched in 2008 at the University of Sheffield.