25,729 articles
Gallbladder neuroendocrine tumor
Gallbladder neuroendocrine tumor (GB-NEN, gallbladder NET/NEC): a rare neuroendocrine cancer, about 0.5% of NENs and 2.1% of gallbladder tumors, diagnosed by CgA/synaptophysin immunohistochemistry, usually advanced at presentation.
Gallium citrate
Gallium citrate (Ga-67, Ga-68 citrate) is a radiopharmaceutical iron analogue for imaging infection, inflammation, and tumors; Ga-67 SPECT imaging at 48-72 hours, Ga-68 PET with 68-minute half-life.
Gallium Ga-68 gozetotide kit (Illuccix)
Illuccix (TLX591-CDx), Telix Pharmaceuticals' kit for preparing gallium Ga-68 gozetotide (PSMA-11) injection, a PSMA-targeted PET radiopharmaceutical for prostate cancer imaging; TGA-approved November 2021, FDA-approved December 2021, three-vial kit in two configurations.
Gallium-68 DOTATATE PET-CT
Gallium-68 DOTATATE PET-CT, also known as 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, is a nuclear medicine scan using a gallium-labeled somatostatin analog to image neuroendocrine tumors, FDA approved in 2016.
Galloway-Mowat syndrome
Galloway-Mowat syndrome, also known as GAMOS, is a rare genetic multisystem disorder marked by progressive microcephaly, developmental delay, brain atrophy, and often early-onset steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.
Gallstone
Gallstone (cholelithiasis): hardened cholesterol or bilirubin sediment forming in the gallbladder; up to 9 in 10 are cholesterol stones, 10–20% of adults affected, treated mainly by laparoscopic cholecystectomy, with ERCP for bile duct stones.
GalNAc conjugate delivery
GalNAc conjugate delivery is a drug-delivery strategy that attaches N-acetylgalactosamine sugar to siRNA or antisense oligonucleotides, letting hepatocytes take them up via the ASGPR receptor.
GalNAc-siRNA conjugate
A GalNAc-siRNA conjugate is a small interfering RNA linked to a GalNAc sugar cluster that delivers gene silencing to liver hepatocytes, first approved as givosiran in 2019.
GalNAc-siRNA conjugate delivery
GalNAc-siRNA conjugate delivery is a technology linking small interfering RNA to GalNAc, a sugar whose hepatocyte receptor concentrates it in the liver, the standard for liver-targeted RNAi therapeutics since givosiran's 2019 approval.
Galvanic vestibular stimulation
Galvanic vestibular stimulation is a non-invasive technique that passes small currents through electrodes behind the ears to modulate the vestibular nerve, evoking sway and sensations of self-motion.
Gambiense trypanosomiasis
Gambiense trypanosomiasis (gambiense sleeping sickness, g-HAT, ICD-11 1F51.0) is the chronic form of human African trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, tsetse-fly transmitted, human-reservoir, endemic in 24 west and central African countries, 92% of cases, treatable with fexinidazole, NECT, pentamidine.
Gambling in Australia
Gambling in Australia is the country's legal betting, gaming, and lottery market, whose annual losses of about $32 billion are the largest per capita in the world.
GameDementia trial
GameDementia (NCT06631742) is a pilot randomized controlled trial by Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences testing 12 weeks of Dividat Senso dance exergaming versus usual care in 48 long-term care residents with major neurocognitive disorders, measuring SPPB, activity, and sleep.
Gamma globulin
Gamma globulin (γ globulin) is the electrophoretic serum fraction containing most immunoglobulins; source of Cohn fraction II immune globulin used for hepatitis A prophylaxis and IVIG/SCIG antibody replacement therapy.
Gamma irradiation
Gamma irradiation is a sterilization method using cobalt-60 gamma rays to kill microorganisms on medical devices, pharmaceuticals, and tissue grafts, typically at a dose of 25 kGy.
Gamma Knife surgery
Gamma Knife surgery is a stereotactic radiosurgery method in which about 192 cobalt-60 sources converge on a brain target with submillimeter accuracy, treating tumors, AVMs, and trigeminal neuralgia.
Gamma motor neuron
A gamma motor neuron, also called a fusimotor neuron, is a lower motor neuron of the spinal cord or brainstem that innervates muscle spindle intrafusal fibers and regulates spindle sensitivity.
Gamma wave
Gamma wave: brain rhythm in the gamma band, roughly 30–90 Hz (definitions vary to 30–150 Hz), first named by Jasper and Andrews in 1938; generated by pyramidal cell–parvalbumin interneuron interactions, linked to attention, memory, and Alzheimer's research.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase deficiency
Gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase deficiency, also called GABA-T or GABA transaminase deficiency, is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive ABAT-gene disorder causing neonatal epileptic encephalopathy, hypotonia, choreoathetosis, accelerated growth, and elevated CSF GABA.
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase deficiency
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase deficiency (glutathionuria, OMIM 231950) is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive GGT1 enzyme defect causing high glutathione in plasma and urine, intellectual disability in most of about seven reported patients, and no specific treatment.
Gamma-glutamyltransferase
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) is a glutathione-metabolizing enzyme mainly in the liver; its serum test is a sensitive but nonspecific marker of liver, bile duct, and alcohol-related injury.
Gamma-sarcoglycan-related limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R5
Gamma-sarcoglycan-related LGMD R5 (LGMD2C, gamma-sarcoglycanopathy) is an autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy from SGCG mutations on 13q12, causing childhood-onset girdle weakness, calf hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy, and loss of ambulation in adolescence.
Gamut
Gamut: the subset of colors a device or color space (sRGB, Display P3, Rec. 2020) can represent; measured as coverage of a chromaticity triangle, distinct from color volume and accuracy.
Ganaxolone
Ganaxolone, sold as Ztalmy, is a synthetic neuroactive steroid that modulates GABA receptors and is used as an antiseizure medication, approved in 2022 as the first treatment for seizures in CDKL5 deficiency disorder.
Gandamala Kandana Rasa
Gandamala Kandana Rasa (Gaṇḍamālā kaṇḍana rasa), also Gandamalakandana Rasa, is an Ayurvedic herbo-mineral rasayoga with purified mercury, sulphur, calcined metals, and herbs, listed in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India (AFI000448) at 250–500 mg for goiter and cervical lymphadenitis.
Gandhaka
Gandhaka (गन्धक) is purified sulphur in Ayurveda's Rasashastra, base of Gandhaka Rasayana; purified by ghee-milk Shodhana, used for skin diseases, studied in 180-day rat toxicity trials.
Gandhaka rasayana
Gandhaka rasayana (गन्धक रसायन) is an Ayurvedic herbo-mineral rejuvenative based on purified sulphur, with fifteen textual variants; used chiefly for skin diseases, dosed 1–3 g per the Ayurvedic Formulary of India.
Gandhaka vati
Gandhaka vati (Gandhaka vaṭī, AFI000415) is an Ayurvedic herbo-mineral tablet of purified sulphur and mercury with herbs and salts, dosed at 2 g, indicated for skin diseases (twaka roga).
Gandhakadya malahara
Gandhakadya malahara (Gandhakādi malahara), an Ayurvedic herbo-mineral ointment from Rasa Tarangini's 8th Taranga, made of purified sulphur, borax, girisindura, camphor in sesame oil and beeswax, used externally for itching, scabies, fungal infection, and eczema.
Gandharvahasta taila
Gandharvahasta taila (गन्धर्वहस्त तैल), also Gandharvahastadi taila, is a classical Ayurvedic medicated castor-oil formulation from the Ayurvedic Formulary of India, dosed 6–12 ml orally for abscess, abdominal disorders, and Vata conditions.