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Gandharvahastadi kvatha curna
Gandharvahastadi kvatha curna (Gandharvahastadi Kashayam) is an official Ayurvedic Formulary of India coarse-powder decoction formula (AFI Part I 4:5, from Sahasrayoga) of eight equal-part herbs led by castor root (Ricinus communis), dose 48 g, used mainly for vata disorders such as low back pain; distinct from a nine-ingredient Yogaratnakara blend of the same name.
Gandhi Medical College
Gandhi Medical College (गाँधी मेडिकल कॉलेज) is a government medical college in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, inaugurated in 1955 and attached to Hamidia Hospital, a 1,360-bed tertiary care teaching hospital.
Ganetespib
Ganetespib (STA-9090), a second-generation resorcinol HSP90 inhibitor developed by Synta Pharmaceuticals for cancer; its phase III GALAXY-2 lung cancer trial was stopped for futility and development is inactive.
Gangliocytoma
Gangliocytoma: rare WHO grade I mixed neuronal-glial CNS tumor of dysplastic ganglion cells in non-neoplastic glial stroma, mostly temporal lobe, presenting with seizures; no defined molecular signature.
Ganglioglioma
Ganglioglioma, a rare WHO grade 1 glioneuronal brain tumor of children and young adults, mixed glial and neuronal cells, temporal lobe, seizures, BRAF V600E, treated by surgical resection.
Ganglion cyst
Ganglion cyst (Bible bump): benign mucin-filled lump from a joint capsule or tendon sheath, most often dorsal wrist (scapholunate origin). Most common hand/wrist soft-tissue mass; 60-70% of such masses; often resolves untreated.
Ganglionectomy
Ganglionectomy: surgical removal of a ganglion. Covers autonomic/sensory ganglion removal (sympathetic, dorsal root, Gasserian) for pain and hyperhidrosis, and wrist ganglion cyst excision, with recurrence 6-41% after surgery.
Ganglioneuroblastoma
Ganglioneuroblastoma, also called GNB-intermixed or GNB-nodular, is a rare pediatric neuroblastic tumor of sympathetic tissue mixing neuroblasts and ganglion cells, intermediate between neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma, classified by the INPC.
Ganglioneuroma
Ganglioneuroma: a rare benign tumor of the sympathetic autonomic nervous system, made of mature ganglion cells and Schwann cells; most often adrenal, retroperitoneal, or mediastinal; treated by surgery when symptomatic, with excellent prognosis.
Ganglionic eminence
The ganglionic eminence is a transient embryonic structure in the ventral telencephalon that produces the basal ganglia's neurons and most inhibitory interneurons of the cortex and hippocampus.
Gangrene
Gangrene: death of body tissue from blocked blood supply (ischemia), bacterial infection, or both; types include dry, wet, and gas gangrene (Clostridium). Major risk factors are diabetes and peripheral arterial disease; treatment is debridement, antibiotics, and revascularization.
Ganirelix
Ganirelix (Antagon, FYREMADEL) is a synthetic decapeptide GnRH antagonist, 250 mcg subcutaneous daily, FDA-approved July 29, 1999 as the first GnRH antagonist, to prevent premature LH surges during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in IVF.
Ganitumab
Ganitumab (AMG 479) is Amgen's fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against IGF-1R, binding the L2 domain to block IGF-1 and IGF-2. Its phase 3 pancreatic cancer trial stopped for futility; the drug was discontinued.
Ganjiang Lingzhu Decoction
甘姜苓术汤 (Ganjiang Lingzhu Decoction, 肾着汤), a four-herb formula from Zhang Zhongjing's Jingui Yaolüe for cold-damp kidney strain with lumbar pain; licorice, Atractylodes, dried ginger, Poria.
Ganlu Yin
甘露饮 (Ganlu Yin, Sweet Dew Decoction), a ten-herb classical Chinese formula from the Song dynasty Taiping Huimin Hejiju Fang, nourishes yin and clears damp-heat for mouth sores, gum swelling, sore throat, and jaundice; distinct from Ganlu Xiaodu Dan.
Gantenerumab
Gantenerumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody against amyloid-beta that Roche and Genentech developed for early Alzheimer's disease; its phase 3 trials failed in 2022.
Ganwei (live attenuated herpes zoster vaccine)
Ganwei (感维) is Changchun BCHT Biotechnology's live attenuated herpes zoster vaccine, the first domestic zoster vaccine approved in China (January 2023) and the first worldwide for adults 40 and older, given as a single 0.5 ml subcutaneous dose.
Ganwu (nasal-spray live attenuated influenza vaccine)
Ganwu (感雾®) is Changchun BCHT's freeze-dried trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine, China's first nasal-spray flu vaccine, approved for ages 3–17, 0.2 mL per dose, with registration-trial efficacy of 41.6%.
Gap junction
A gap junction, also known as a communicating junction or macula communicans, is a cluster of intercellular channels that lets ions and small molecules pass between cells.
GAP trial
GAP trial (NCT02602600), liraglutide in women with angina and coronary microvascular dysfunction; open-label study of 33 non-diabetic overweight women at Bispebjerg Hospital; CFVR unchanged, only physical limitation score improved.
GAPA trial
GAPA trial (NCT06238232, GAPA study): a Chinese multicenter randomized trial led by Qifu Li comparing 68Ga-Pentixafor CXCR4 PET/CT with adrenal vein sampling for treating primary aldosteronism patients with adrenal nodules of 1 cm or larger.
GAPO syndrome
GAPO syndrome (growth retardation, alopecia, pseudoanodontia, optic atrophy) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by biallelic ANTXR1 variants, first described in 1947, with extracellular matrix accumulation and reduced lifespan.
Garadacimab (Andembry)
Garadacimab (Andembry, garadacimab-gxii) is CSL Behring's fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody inhibiting FXIIa, approved 2025 in the US and EU to prevent hereditary angioedema attacks in patients 12 and older via monthly subcutaneous injection.
Garbhacintamani rasa
Garbhacintamani rasa (Garbha cintāmaṇi rasa), an Ayurvedic herbo-mineral pregnancy formulation from Bhaishajya Ratnavali, AFI000490, 250 mg dose, containing mercury and calcined metals; rat studies show dose-dependent toxicity.
Garbhapala rasa
Garbhapala rasa (गर्भपाला रस), also Garbhpal Ras, is an Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation of cinnabar, lead, tin, and iron bhasmas with herbs, used for pregnancy disorders; commercial samples have tested high in lead and mercury.
Gardasil
Gardasil is Merck's quadrivalent HPV 6/11/16/18 vaccine, FDA-approved in 2006 as the first cervical cancer-preventing vaccine; Gardasil 9 (2014) adds five types and is the only HPV vaccine in the U.S.
Gardasil 9
Gardasil 9 (Human Papillomavirus 9-valent Vaccine, Recombinant) is Merck's recombinant HPV vaccine covering types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58, FDA-approved 2014 for ages 9 through 45 to prevent HPV-related cancers, precancerous lesions, and genital warts.
Garenoxacin
Garenoxacin (Geninax) is a des-fluoro(6) quinolone antibiotic approved in Japan in 2007 for respiratory and ENT infections, dosed 400 mg once daily, targeting DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV; US and EU applications were withdrawn.
Garetatug rezetecan
Garetatug rezetecan (SHR-A1904, 瑞康戈芮妥塔单抗) is a Hengrui anti-CLDN18.2 antibody-drug conjugate carrying the topoisomerase I inhibitor rezetecan, in phase III trials for CLDN18.2-positive gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.
GARFIELD-AF study
GARFIELD-AF (Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD–Atrial Fibrillation), NCT01090362: worldwide prospective registry of 57,262 patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation, 35 countries, 2009-2018, producing an integrated risk tool and real-world anticoagulation evidence.