Human health and medicine

Gastrostomy malfunction

Gastrostomy malfunction (ICD-11 DE12.1) covers feeding tube dislodgement, leakage, obstruction, and buried bumper after gastrostomy; displacement affects about 10.8% of adults, clogging 25-35%.

Gated blood-pool imaging, also called MUGA, ERNA, or gated radionuclide ventriculography, is an ECG-gated nuclear medicine scan using Tc-99m-labeled red blood cells to measure left ventricular ejection fraction reproducibly, mainly for chemotherapy cardiotoxicity monitoring.

Gated single-photon emission computed tomography

Gated single-photon emission computed tomography (gated SPECT, GSPECT) is a nuclear medicine method, developed in the late 1980s, that synchronizes heart perfusion imaging with the cardiac cycle to measure left ventricular function.

Gatekeeping

Gatekeeping: a health-system arrangement in which a primary care physician or GP controls access to specialist care by referral. Also GP gatekeeping. Used in 31 of 38 OECD countries; reduces specialist use and costs but lowers patient satisfaction.

Sep 17, 2026

Gaucher's disease

Gaucher's disease (Gaucher disease) is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by GBA1 variants and glucocerebrosidase deficiency, with types 1, 2, and 3, treated by enzyme replacement or substrate reduction therapy.

Gavage

Gavage is the delivery of liquid nutrition or medication through a tube passed into the stomach, by nose or mouth, used for feeding, gastric decompression, and rodent dosing.

Gavilimomab

Gavilimomab (ABX-CBL) is a murine IgM monoclonal antibody against human CD147, developed by Abgenix/Amgen for acute graft-versus-host disease; orphan-designated in 2000, later withdrawn, it failed to beat antithymocyte globulin in a phase 2/3 trial and was never FDA approved.

Gaze-evoked nystagmus

Gaze-evoked nystagmus (GEN, 注視誘発眼振) is jerk nystagmus on eccentric gaze from neural integrator impairment; the most common clinical nystagmus, poorly localizing, caused by drugs, cerebellar disease, MS, and alcohol.

GB261

GB261 (also CN-261/CND-261) is Genor Biopharma's CD20×CD3 bispecific T-cell engager with low-affinity CD3 binding and retained Fc ADCC/CDC activity, trialed in B-cell lymphoma (NCT04923048) and out-licensed to TRC 2004/Candid Therapeutics for autoimmune disease.

GC FLU inj

GC FLU inj: WHO-prequalified inactivated split-virion seasonal influenza vaccine family (trivalent and quadrivalent, single- and 10-dose vials) by GC Biopharma, Korea; egg-grown, formaldehyde-inactivated, intramuscular, prequalified 2011-2017.

GC FLU Multi inj.

GC FLU Multi inj. is a WHO-prequalified trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine (split virion, inactivated) by Korea's GC Biopharma, in 10-dose vials, prequalified 7 November 2012, thiomersal-preserved, 28-day opened-vial use.

GC FLU Quadrivalent inj.

GC FLU Quadrivalent inj. (GCFLU Quadrivalent, GC3110A) is GC Biopharma's egg-grown, inactivated split-virion quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine from Korea, WHO-prequalified in 2016–2017, containing 15 µg each of two A and two B strains.

GC FLU Quadrivalent Multi inj.

GC FLU Quadrivalent Multi inj., also written GC Flu Quadrivalent, is a WHO-prequalified inactivated split-virion quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine from GC Biopharma, Korea, prequalified 3 April 2017, in 10-dose thiomersal-preserved vials.

GC-WS trial

GC-WS trial (NCT02424097, GCAmerica-WS): UCSF Phase 4 randomized single-blind trial testing MI Varnish plus MI Paste Plus (CPP-ACP) versus standard fluoride care for white spot lesions in orthodontic patients; 40 enrolled, no significant benefit over 12 months.

GC101 (SMA AAV gene therapy)

GC101 (GC101腺相关病毒注射液) is Beijing GeneCradle's AAV9 gene therapy delivering codon-optimized SMN1 by single intrathecal injection; in Chinese trials for SMA types 1, 2, and 3, with a phase III type 2 trial approved in 2025.

GCGR-related hyperglucagonemia

GCGR-related hyperglucagonemia, also called Mahvash disease, is a rare hereditary pancreatic disorder caused by mutations in the glucagon receptor gene, producing extreme hyperglucagonemia, alpha-cell hyperplasia, and neuroendocrine tumors.

GDB study

GDB study (Generic Database, NCT00063063): NICHD Neonatal Research Network registry of very low birth weight and extremely preterm infants, begun 1987, over 91,000 enrollees, basis of 200+ publications and 27 clinical trials.

GDC study

GDC study, also called German Diabetes Study (GDS), NCT01055093: prospective observational cohort at the German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, following up to 2,000 adults with newly diagnosed type 1 or type 2 diabetes, aged 18-69, with metabolic, immunological, and organ phenotyping.

GDT-AKI trial

GDT-AKI (NCT02396901), a University of Sao Paulo randomized trial testing goal-directed therapy with ACEI/ARB suspension to prevent AKI after cardiac bypass surgery in CKD 3-4 patients; registered 2015, 214 planned, no results posted.

Gedatolisib

Gedatolisib, sold as Revtorpyk and formerly studied as PF-05212384, is an intravenous drug that inhibits PI3K and mTOR, approved in 2026 for HR-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer.

Sep 17, 2026

Geert W. Schmid-Schoenbein

Geert W. Schmid-Schoenbein is a German-born American bioengineer, Distinguished Professor at UC San Diego, known for microcirculation research and the autodigestion hypothesis of shock injury.

Gefapixant

Gefapixant (AF-219, MK-7264; Lyfnua) is an oral P2X3 receptor antagonist approved in the EU in 2023 for refractory or unexplained chronic cough; limited P2X2/3 selectivity causes taste disturbance.

Gefarnate

Gefarnate, also called geranyl farnesylacetate, is a cytoprotective anti-ulcer agent used for gastric and duodenal ulcers in Japan, where it is commonly prescribed to patients taking NSAIDs or low-dose aspirin.

Gefurulimab

Gefurulimab (ALXN1720, Klygefa) is a humanized bispecific VHH nanobody from Alexion/AstraZeneca that binds C5 and albumin, blocking terminal complement activation; once-weekly subcutaneous therapy for AChR-Ab+ generalized myasthenia gravis with positive CHMP opinion in September 2026.

Gel stent implantation

Gel stent implantation is a minimally invasive glaucoma procedure that lowers eye pressure by shunting fluid under the conjunctiva through the XEN Gel Stent, first FDA-cleared in 2016.

Gelastic seizures with hypothalamic hamartoma

Gelastic seizures with hypothalamic hamartoma (GS-HH, ORPHA:86906) is a rare epilepsy syndrome with early-onset ictal laughter or crying from a non-neoplastic hypothalamic hamartoma, often progressing to intractable epilepsy, cognitive decline, and precocious puberty.

Gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy

Gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy (GDLD, OMIM 204870), also called subepithelial amyloidosis of the cornea, is a rare autosomal recessive TACSTD2-related corneal amyloidosis causing childhood-onset vision loss, commonest in Japan, with recurrent deposits after keratoplasty.

Geleophysic dysplasia

Geleophysic dysplasia (geleophysic dwarfism) is a rare autosomal skeletal dysplasia with short stature, small hands and feet, a "happy" face, and progressive cardiac valvular thickening, caused by ADAMTSL2, FBN1, or LTBP3 variants with enhanced TGF-beta signaling.

Sep 17, 2026

Gemcitabine

Gemcitabine (dFdC; brands Gemzar, Infugem) is a fluorinated deoxycytidine antimetabolite chemotherapy drug, first described by Eli Lilly in 1986 and FDA-approved in 1996, used for pancreatic, lung, breast, ovarian, and bladder cancers.