Human health and medicine

General paresis of the insane

General paresis of the insane (GPI), or paralytic dementia, is late neurosyphilis: chronic Treponema pallidum brain infection causing progressive dementia and paralysis 10–30+ years after syphilis, once common in asylums, now rare and penicillin-treatable.

General practitioner

A general practitioner (GP), also called a family physician or family doctor, is a medical doctor who provides comprehensive primary care to people of all ages and sexes.

General surgery

General surgery is the broad surgical specialty covering the alimentary tract, abdomen, breast, endocrine, vascular, trauma, and critical care, requiring at least five years of residency, with over 234 million procedures performed globally each year.

Generalised lymph node enlargement

Generalised lymph node enlargement (generalized lymphadenopathy) is enlarged lymph nodes in two or more noncontiguous body regions, ICD-11 MA01.1, usually signaling systemic infection, malignancy, or autoimmune disease.

Generalised oedema

Generalised oedema, also called anasarca, is swelling from excess fluid throughout body tissues, ICD-11 code MG29.1 (ICD-10 R60.1). Main causes are heart failure, liver failure, and kidney disorders such as nephrotic syndrome.

Generalised resistance to thyroid hormone

Generalised resistance to thyroid hormone (Refetoff syndrome, RTHβ/GRTH) is an inherited THRB-mutation disorder with high FT4/FT3 and nonsuppressed TSH, incidence about 1:40,000, often misdiagnosed as hyperthyroidism.

Generalised tonic seizure

Generalised tonic seizure (ICD-11 8A68.6), a bilateral seizure with sudden sustained muscle stiffening, median 8 seconds, often during sleep; mandatory for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome diagnosis, distinct from tonic-clonic seizures.

Generalized anxiety disorder

Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD; ICD-11 6B00) is a mental disorder of excessive, hard-to-control worry lasting at least 6 months. First defined in DSM-III (1980); treated with CBT, applied relaxation, or SSRIs such as sertraline.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7)

The GAD-7 is a seven-question public-domain questionnaire that screens for generalized anxiety disorder and grades anxiety symptom severity, described by Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams, and Löwe in 2006.

Generalized arterial calcification of infancy

Generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI, idiopathic infantile arterial calcification) is an autosomal recessive disorder from ENPP1 or ABCC6 variants causing arterial calcification, high infant mortality, and later rickets in survivors.

Oct 20, 2026

Generalized basaloid follicular hamartoma syndrome

Generalized basaloid follicular hamartoma syndrome (GBFHS, OMIM 605827) is a rare autosomal dominant skin disease with 1-2 mm papules, comedone-like lesions, hypotrichosis, and palmar pits, linked to PTCH mutations and distinguished from Gorlin syndrome.

Oct 20, 2026

Generalized epilepsy-paroxysmal dyskinesia syndrome

Generalized epilepsy-paroxysmal dyskinesia syndrome (GEPD), a rare autosomal dominant channelopathy from KCNMA1 gain-of-function mutations on chromosome 10q22, combines paroxysmal dyskinesia with generalized absence or tonic-clonic epilepsy beginning in childhood.

Generalized eruptive histiocytosis

Generalized eruptive histiocytosis (GEH), or generalized eruptive histiocytoma, is a rare benign non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis first described in 1963, causing symmetric crops of small papules on the trunk and proximal extremities that resolve spontaneously.

Generalized eruptive keratoacanthoma

Generalized eruptive keratoacanthoma (GEKA), or Grzybowski syndrome, is a rare sporadic keratoacanthoma variant with hundreds to thousands of pruritic plugged papules on skin and mucous membranes in adults, treated first with oral retinoids.

Generalized essential telangiectasia

Generalized essential telangiectasia (GET), a rare acquired skin disease with widespread telangiectases starting on the lower limbs and spreading upward; benign, non-hereditary, diagnosed by excluding HHT and other causes.

Generalized lymphatic anomaly

Generalized lymphatic anomaly (GLA), formerly diffuse systemic lymphangiomatosis, is a rare non-inherited disorder of multifocal dilated lymphatic vessels in multiple organs, distinguished from Gorham-Stout disease by stable medullary bone lesions and treated with sirolimus.

Generalized nodal osteoarthritis

Generalized nodal osteoarthritis, also known as primary generalized osteoarthritis, is a form of osteoarthritis affecting the finger joints of both hands, producing Heberden's and Bouchard's nodes, mostly in women around menopause.

Generalized peeling skin syndrome

Generalized peeling skin syndrome (generalized deciduous skin, ORPHA263543) is a rare autosomal recessive ichthyosis with painless body-wide skin peeling, subtypes A (CHST8, SERPINB8, FLG2) and B (CDSN, with atopy).

Generalized pustular psoriasis

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP), also called von Zumbusch psoriasis, is a rare life-threatening neutrophilic skin disease with widespread sterile pustules and systemic symptoms, driven by IL-36 signaling and treated with spesolimab.

Generalized tonic–clonic seizure

Generalised tonic-clonic seizure (ICD-11 8A68.4), formerly grand mal: a generalized-onset seizure with tonic stiffening then clonic jerking and loss of awareness, distinct from focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures.

Generic drug

Generic drug: a copy of a brand-name medicine with the same active ingredient, strength, dosage form, and route, approved via ANDA (Hatch-Waxman, 1984) on bioequivalence evidence; about 90% of US prescriptions, saving $2.2 trillion 2009-2019.

Genetic and molecular prognostic markers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Genetic and molecular prognostic markers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia are chromosomal deletions and IGHV mutation status that predict how quickly the disease progresses and responds to therapy.

Genetic association analysis

Genetic association analysis is a family of statistical methods testing whether genetic variants are associated with traits or diseases in populations, dominated since 2005 by the genome-wide association study (GWAS).

Genetic association study

A genetic association study tests whether genetic variants are statistically associated with a trait or disease, typically by comparing allele frequencies between cases and controls.

Genetic carrier screening

Genetic carrier screening tests asymptomatic people for one copy of a gene variant linked to recessive or X-linked disorders, so reproductive risk can be assessed before or during pregnancy.

Genetic contributions to female infertility

Genetic contributions to female infertility are the chromosomal abnormalities and gene variants that impair a woman's ability to conceive, accounting for roughly 5–10% of female reproductive disorders overall.

Genetic disorder

Genetic disorder: health condition caused by gene, chromosome, or multifactorial genetic abnormalities; inherited or somatic variants; diagnosed by exam, family history, and genetic testing; managed with counseling, screening, and emerging gene therapy.

Genetic epidemiology

Genetic epidemiology, also called statistical genetics in its methods branch, studies inherited causes and distribution of disease in families and populations, using segregation, linkage, GWAS, and heritability estimation, with its dedicated journal founded 1984 and IGES in 1992.