25,729 articles
Giant platelet disorder
Giant platelet disorder, also called macrothrombocytopenia: inherited platelet disorders with abnormally large platelets and low counts, chiefly Bernard-Soulier syndrome (GPIb-V-IX defect, autosomal recessive) and MYH9-related disorders (MYH9 gene, autosomal dominant).
Giant-cell myocarditis
Giant-cell myocarditis (GCM), also called giant cell myocarditis, is a rare T cell–mediated autoimmune inflammation of the heart causing fulminant failure and arrhythmias; diagnosed by endomyocardial biopsy, treated with combined immunosuppression, and often requiring transplant.
Gigantism
Gigantism, or pituitary gigantism, is rare childhood overgrowth from excess growth hormone, usually a benign pituitary tumor; after puberty the same condition is acromegaly.
Gilbert Rivers Upchurch Jr.
Gilbert Rivers Upchurch Jr. is an American vascular surgeon, chair of surgery at the University of Florida and a 2021 member of the National Academy of Medicine.
Gilbert's syndrome
Gilbert's syndrome (Gilbert disease), a common inherited UGT1A1-related liver condition causing mild unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and intermittent jaundice triggered by fasting, stress, or illness; benign, untreated, with drug cautions for irinotecan and atazanavir.
Gilead Sciences
Gilead Sciences, founded 1987 in Foster City, California by Michael Riordan, is a major biopharmaceutical company known for HIV drugs Biktarvy, Truvada, Descovy and lenacapavir (Yeztugo), hepatitis C drugs Sovaldi and Harvoni, Veklury for COVID-19, and the HHS PrEP patent litigation.
Gilteritinib
Gilteritinib (brand name Xospata) is an oral FLT3 inhibitor approved in the United States in 2018 for relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia with an FLT3 mutation.
GIM11-BERGI trial
GIM11-BERGI (NCT02175446) is an Italian Gruppo Italiano Mammella phase II single-arm trial of eribulin plus bevacizumab as second-line therapy for HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer after first-line paclitaxel-bevacizumab, reporting 24.6% response rate and 6.2-month median PFS.
Gimeracil
Gimeracil (CDHP, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine), a DPD inhibitor in the oral anticancer drug S-1/Teysuno with tegafur and oteracil (1:0.4:1), prolongs 5-FU activity for gastric and colorectal cancer.
Gimistotug
Gimistotug (BGB-A445) is a BeiGene/BeOne IgG1 monoclonal antibody OX40 (TNFRSF4/CD134) agonist that does not block OX40-OX40L binding; investigational intravenous cancer immunotherapy in phase 1-2 solid tumor trials, not approved.
Gingival enlargement
Gingival enlargement, also called gingival hyperplasia or hypertrophy (ICD-11 DA0D.1), is abnormal gum overgrowth, most often drug-induced by phenytoin, cyclosporine, or calcium channel blockers, managed by plaque control, drug change, azithromycin, or surgery.
Gingival fibromatosis-aortic root dilatation-facial dysmorphism-intellectual disability syndrome
Liang-Wang syndrome, also called LIWAS, is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by KCNMA1 variants, marked by gum overgrowth, aortic root dilatation, facial dysmorphism, and intellectual disability.
Gingival fibromatosis-hypertrichosis syndrome
Gingival fibromatosis-hypertrichosis syndrome (CGHT, OMIM 135400) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder causing generalized gum overgrowth from birth or childhood with excessive hair growth on the face, limbs, and back; candidate locus 17q24.2-q24.3, ABCA5.
Gingival graft
A gingival graft is a periodontal surgical procedure in which tissue, usually from the patient's palate, is transplanted to widen attached gingiva or cover exposed tooth roots.
Gingival recession
Gingival recession: apical displacement of the gum margin beyond the cemento-enamel junction exposing the root. Also called periodontal recession; affects 81% of adults at ≥1 mm; treated by connective tissue grafting with coronally advanced flap.
Gingival Retraction Techniques
Gingival retraction techniques (retraction cords, pastes, gels, laser troughing) temporarily displace gum tissue to expose subgingival margins for dental impressions; cords displace more, pastes and lasers traumatize less.
Gingival ulceration
Gingival ulceration (gum ulcer, ulceration of gingivae; ICD-11 DA0D.5, SNOMED CT 71262003) is epithelial loss on the gums with crateriform appearance, caused by trauma, infection such as necrotizing gingivitis, immune disease, or cancer.
Gingivectomy
Gingivectomy is a periodontal surgical procedure that removes diseased or excess gum tissue to eliminate pockets, treating gum disease, drug-induced gingival overgrowth, and a gummy smile.
Gingivitis
Gingivitis, gum inflammation, is the earliest, reversible stage of periodontal disease caused by dental plaque biofilm. Affects 38-85% of adults; causes bleeding, red swollen gums, bad breath; treated by plaque removal.
Gingivoplasty
Gingivoplasty is periodontal surgery that reshapes gum tissue into a physiologic contour, usually after gingivectomy; used in crown lengthening, esthetics, and gingival enlargement, by scalpel or laser.
Giredestrant
Giredestrant (GDC-9545), Roche's investigational oral SERD for ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer; full ER antagonist that immobilizes then degrades the receptor; positive phase III lidERA and evERA trials, FDA NDAs under priority review.
Girentuximab
Girentuximab (cG250, Rencarex, TLX250-CDx) is a chimeric monoclonal antibody against carbonic anhydrase IX, expressed in about 95% of clear cell renal cell carcinoma; failed as adjuvant therapy (ARISER) but validated as 89Zr-labeled PET/CT diagnostic in the ZIRCON trial.
Giroctocogene fitelparvovec
Giroctocogene fitelparvovec (PF-07055480, formerly SB-525) is an investigational AAV6 vector gene therapy carrying B-domain-deleted human F8 for hemophilia A; positive Phase 3 AFFINE results, but Pfizer terminated development in December 2024, returning rights to Sangamo.
Giselle Corbie
Giselle Corbie is an American physician and health equity researcher at the University of North Carolina, elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2018.
Givinostat
Givinostat (Duvyzat), an oral class I/II histone deacetylase inhibitor by Italfarmaco, approved 2024 for Duchenne muscular dystrophy in ambulant patients 6 and older on corticosteroids; EPIDYS trial showed slower four-stair climb worsening.
Givosiran
Givosiran (Givlaari) is a GalNAc-conjugated siRNA degrading liver ALAS1 mRNA, given 2.5 mg/kg monthly subcutaneously for acute hepatic porphyria; approved US 2019, EU 2020, cutting attacks by 74%.
GKM-001
GKM-001 is a liver-selective glucokinase activator for type 2 diabetes, discovered by Advinus Therapeutics (India) and later held by Impetis Biosciences; it lowers glucose without raising insulin or causing hypoglycemia.
Gladys McGarey
Gladys McGarey, born Gladys Louise McGarey, was an American physician and "Mother of Holistic Medicine" who co-founded the American Holistic Medical Association in 1978 and wrote a bestselling memoir at 102.
Glafenine
Glafenine (glaphenine, Exidol), an anthranilic acid derivative NSAID analgesic, ATC N02BG03, marketed from 1965 and withdrawn in most countries by 1992 for anaphylaxis and hepatotoxicity.
Gland
Gland: organized cell aggregation secreting hormones, sweat, saliva, milk, or mucus. Exocrine glands use ducts; endocrine glands release into blood. Covers merocrine/apocrine/holocrine secretion, major glands, disorders, and organoid research.