25,729 articles
Glans penis
Glans penis: the conical, bulbous head of the penis, the distal expansion of the corpus spongiosum bearing the external urethral meatus; richly innervated by the dorsal nerve of the penis (S2–S4), supplied by the dorsal and bulb arteries, and central to sexual sensation.
Glanzmann thrombasthenia
Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT), a rare autosomal recessive platelet disorder from ITGA2B/ITGB3 mutations, lacks the αIIbβ3 fibrinogen receptor, causing mucocutaneous bleeding treated with antifibrinolytics, rFVIIa, and platelets.
Glasdegib
Glasdegib (Daurismo), a Pfizer Hedgehog pathway Smoothened inhibitor approved 2018 (FDA) and 2020 (EU) with low-dose cytarabine for newly diagnosed AML in unfit adults; phase 3 BRIGHT AML 1019 later failed to confirm benefit.
Glasgow Blatchford score
The Glasgow Blatchford score (GBS) is a clinical scoring system that predicts which patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding need transfusion, endoscopy, or surgery, and identifies low-risk patients suitable for outpatient management.
Glasgow Coma Scale
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), by Teasdale and Jennett (Lancet 1974): rates eye, verbal, and motor responses; sum score 3–15; severity bands mild 13–15, moderate 9–12, severe <8; standard consciousness assessment in head injury.
Glasgow Outcome Scale
The Glasgow Outcome Scale is a five-category clinical scale rating recovery after brain injury, from death through disability to good recovery, widely used in trials.
Glasgow prognostic score
The Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) is a clinical scoring system combining C-reactive protein and albumin to grade systemic inflammation and predict survival in cancer and other diseases.
Glass delusion
Glass delusion, also called glass disease, a psychiatric condition of 15th–17th century Europe in which sufferers believed their bodies were made of glass and would shatter; famous case King Charles VI of France; now rare.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases damaging the optic nerve and causing irreversible vision loss; types include open-angle (9 in 10 US cases), angle-closure, congenital, and normal-tension glaucoma, treated by pressure-lowering drops, laser, and surgery.
Glaucoma drainage implant surgery
Glaucoma drainage implant surgery implants a tube and plate that drain fluid from the eye's anterior chamber to a reservoir, lowering pressure; common devices include the Ahmed valve and Baerveldt implant.
Glaucoma Drainage Implants
Glaucoma drainage implants (aqueous shunts, tube shunts; Molteno, Baerveldt, Ahmed) are silicone tube-and-plate devices that drain aqueous humor to lower eye pressure in refractory glaucoma, in valved and non-valved designs.
Glaucoma filtration surgery
Glaucoma filtration surgery is an operation that creates a permanent drainage channel for aqueous humor, forming a filtering bleb that lowers intraocular pressure in glaucoma.
Glaucoma suspect
Glaucoma suspect (borderline glaucoma; ICD-11 9C60, ICD-10 H40.0): a person with elevated IOP, suspicious optic nerve, visual field, or angle findings, or family history, at risk of future glaucoma but not yet glaucomatous.
Glaucoma-ectopia lentis-microspherophakia-stiff joints-short stature syndrome
GEMSS syndrome (glaucoma-ectopia lentis-microspherophakia-stiff joints-short stature), also called Weill-Marchesani syndrome 2, is a rare autosomal dominant FBN1-related disorder with lens dislocation, glaucoma, short stature, and progressive joint stiffness.
Glaucomatocyclitic crisis disease
Glaucomatocyclitic crisis disease, or Posner-Schlossman syndrome, a rare recurrent unilateral inflammatory glaucoma with IOP spikes of 40-50 mm Hg, mild uveitis, open angles, and CMV association.
Glaucomatous optic neuropathy
Glaucomatous optic neuropathy is the characteristic optic nerve damage in glaucoma, marked by progressive retinal ganglion cell death, optic nerve head excavation, and visual field loss.
Gleason grading system
Gleason grading system: prostate cancer histological grading summing primary and secondary pattern grades (1-5) into a score, now reported as ISUP Grade Groups 1-5, with known observer variability and grade inflation.
Glecaprevir
Glecaprevir (ABT-493), with pibrentasvir as Mavyret/Maviret, is an AbbVie HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor approved 2017; pangenotypic 8-week regimen, contraindicated in Child-Pugh B/C hepatic impairment.
Glecirasib citrate tablets
Glecirasib citrate tablets (枸橼酸戈来雷塞片, Ailikai) are an oral KRAS G12C inhibitor (JAB-21822) by Jacobio/Allist, approved in China May 2025 for previously treated KRAS G12C-mutated advanced NSCLC; phase II ORR 47.9%, mPFS 8.2 months.
Glenmark Pharmaceuticals
Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited (NSE: GLENMARK), Indian pharma company founded 1977 by Gracias Saldanha; formulations and APIs in 80+ countries; known for Ryaltris, Winlevi, ISB 2001 AbbVie deal, and FDA warning letters.
Glenn D. Steele Jr.
Glenn D. Steele Jr. is an American surgical oncologist and health-system executive who led Geisinger Health System in Pennsylvania from 2001 to 2015, pioneering value-based care.
Glenn M. Chertow
Glenn M. Chertow is an American nephrologist, chief of the Division of Nephrology at Stanford, and an elected member of the National Academy of Medicine.
Glenoid labrum
Glenoid labrum: fibrocartilaginous rim around the shoulder's glenoid socket, deepening it up to 50% and anchoring biceps tendon and stabilizing ligaments; tears include SLAP, Bankart, and posterior labral lesions.
Glenoid reconstruction
Glenoid reconstruction is a family of shoulder operations that restores the anteroinferior glenoid rim with a coracoid transfer or bone graft, such as the Latarjet procedure, to stabilize recurrent anterior instability.
Glepaglutide
Glepaglutide (ZP1848, brand Zeydovio) is Zealand Pharma's long-acting GLP-2 analogue for short bowel syndrome, given 10 mg subcutaneously once or twice weekly; EASE-1 cut parenteral support 5.13 L/week, with a CHMP positive opinion in 2026.
Glia
Glia (neuroglia) are the non-neuronal cells of the nervous system: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, and Schwann cells. Named by Virchow (1856), they myelinate axons, form the blood-brain barrier, and outnumber neurons only about 1:1.
Glibenclamide
Glibenclamide (glyburide), a second-generation sulfonylurea introduced in 1969, lowers glucose by closing beta-cell KATP channels; used in type 2 diabetes, MODY, and high-dose neonatal diabetes, with notable hypoglycemia risk and placental transfer.
Glibornuride
Glibornuride (Glutril, Ro 6-4563) is a second-generation sulfonylurea antidiabetic drug, ATC A10BB04, formula C18H26N2O4S, MW 366.5, introduced 1969; it blocks SUR1 K(ATP) channels on pancreatic beta cells to stimulate insulin secretion.
Gliclazide
Gliclazide (Diamicron, Diamicron MR) is an oral sulfonylurea for type 2 diabetes that stimulates pancreatic beta-cell insulin secretion. WHO essential medicine since 2013; lower hypoglycemia risk than other sulfonylureas; no dedicated cardiovascular outcome trial.
Glimepiride
Glimepiride is a third-generation sulfonylurea oral antidiabetic drug, U.S. approved 1995, for type 2 diabetes as adjunct to diet and exercise; dosed 1-8 mg daily, limited by hypoglycemia and weight gain.