25,729 articles
Glioblastoma
Glioblastoma (GBM, glioblastoma multiforme, grade IV astrocytoma): the most common and aggressive primary adult brain tumor, a fast-growing glial CNS neoplasm treated with surgery, radiotherapy, and temozolomide; median survival about 15 months.
Glioma
Glioma: tumors of glial cells in the brain and spinal cord; main types astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma. Classified by WHO CNS5 (2021) using IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion; treated with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and new IDH inhibitors.
Gliomas of brain
Gliomas of brain: tumors arising from glial or precursor cells of the CNS, also called glial tumors. Classified by 2021 WHO into adult-type diffuse gliomas (astrocytoma IDH-mutant, oligodendroglioma 1p/19q-codeleted, glioblastoma IDH-wildtype) and pediatric, circumscribed, and other groups; graded I to IV.
Gliomatosis cerebri
Gliomatosis cerebri, a rare diffusely infiltrating glioma growth pattern spanning three or more brain lobes, removed as a distinct WHO entity in 2016; median survival about 13 months.
Gliosis
Gliosis (astrogliosis, astrocytosis, glial scar): reactive proliferation and hypertrophy of neuroglia, mainly astrocytes, after CNS injury, stroke, infection, epilepsy, or neurodegenerative disease, marked by GFAP upregulation.
Glipizide
Glipizide, sold under the brand name Glucotrol, is an oral blood-glucose-lowering sulfonylurea drug used to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes, approved in the United States in 1984.
GLMLEVEL study
GLMLEVEL (GO-LEVEL) study: phase 4, open-label golimumab exposure-response study in 102 ulcerative colitis patients; defined trough-level targets of 3.8 μg/mL at induction and 2.4 μg/mL at maintenance for combined remission.
Global Assessment of Functioning
Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF): 1-100 clinician-rated Axis V scale of DSM-III-R/DSM-IV for psychological, social, and occupational functioning; removed from DSM-5 in 2013 in favor of WHODAS 2.0; known for reliability and validity problems.
Global Burden of Disease Study
Global Burden of Disease (GBD), also called GBD Study: an IHME-led research program quantifying deaths, disability, and risk factors via DALYs for 204 countries, 1990–2023, distinct from WHO Global Health Estimates.
Global developmental delay-alopecia-macrocephaly-facial dysmorphism-structural brain anomalies syndrome
Global developmental delay-alopecia-macrocephaly-facial dysmorphism-structural brain anomalies syndrome, also called Bachmann-Bupp syndrome or ODC1-related neurodevelopmental disorder, is an ultra-rare autosomal dominant polyaminopathy caused by gain-of-function ODC1 variants, marked by postnatal alopecia, hypotonia, macrocephaly, and treatable with eflornithine (DFMO).
Global developmental delay-facial dysmorphism-hands and feet anomalies syndrome
Global developmental delay-facial dysmorphism-hands and feet anomalies syndrome, also called CUL3-related neurodevelopmental disorder or NEDAUS (MIM 619239), is a rare autosomal dominant condition caused by loss-of-function CUL3 variants, causing intellectual disability, autism or seizures in some, hypotonia, and distinctive facial features.
Global developmental delay-lung cysts-overgrowth-Wilms tumor syndrome
GLOW syndrome (global developmental delay-lung cysts-overgrowth-Wilms tumor syndrome; OMIM 618272) is a rare mosaic DICER1 RNase IIIb overgrowth syndrome with lung cysts, nephromegaly, bilateral Wilms tumor, and dysmorphism.
Global developmental delay-recurrent infections-facial dysmorphism syndrome
Global developmental delay-recurrent infections-facial dysmorphism syndrome, also called Chopra-Amiel-Gordon syndrome (OMIM 619504), is a rare autosomal dominant ANKRD17 haploinsufficiency disorder with speech delay, intellectual disability, recurrent bacterial infections, and subtle facial dysmorphism.
Global Health
Global health is a multidisciplinary field of study, research, and practice that aims to improve health and achieve health equity worldwide, emerging as a distinct field in the late 1990s.
Global heart
Global Heart: peer-reviewed open-access journal of the World Heart Federation, formerly CVD Prevention and Control, publishing cardiovascular prevention research focused on low- and middle-income countries; published by Ubiquity Press since 2020, ISSNs 2211-8160 and 2211-8179.
Global Longitudinal Strain
Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is a speckle-tracking echocardiographic measure of left ventricular deformation, negative by convention, normal below −18%; it predicts cardiac outcomes better than ejection fraction.
Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis
Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF), WHO programme launched in 2000 after WHA 50.29; uses annual mass drug administration and morbidity care; 10.3 billion treatments delivered, 23 countries validated, 361 million still requiring MDA in 2025.
Global public health
Global public health: field studying health problems shaped by globalization, inequality, and migration; emerged as 'global health' replaced 'international health'; served by journals Global Public Health (2006) and PLOS Global Public Health (2021).
Globus
Globus, also called globus pharyngeus or globus hystericus, is the feeling of a lump stuck in the throat that occurs between meals while swallowing remains normal, a common benign symptom.
Glofitamab
Glofitamab, sold as Columvi, is a CD20×CD3 bispecific antibody that treats relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, approved in Europe and North America in 2023.
Glomerular filtration rate
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), the rate of plasma filtration by the kidney glomeruli in mL/min/1.73 m², is measured by inulin, iothalamate, ⁵¹Cr-EDTA, or iohexol clearance, or estimated with CKD-EPI creatinine and cystatin C equations.
Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a family of immune-mediated diseases that inflame the glomeruli, the kidney's microscopic filters, causing protein and blood in the urine and sometimes progressive kidney failure.
Glomerulus (kidney)
The glomerulus, also called the renal glomerulus, is a knot of capillaries in the kidney where blood is filtered to begin forming urine; with Bowman's capsule it forms the renal corpuscle.
Glomus tumor
Glomus tumor (glomangioma): rare benign painful tumor of glomus cells of the Sucquet-Hoyer canal, usually subungual, 1-5% of hand tumors, first described by Masson 1924; distinct from glomus tympanicum paraganglioma.
Glomuvenous malformation
Glomuvenous malformation (glomangioma, GVM), a rare autosomal dominant slow-flow venous malformation caused by GLMN mutations, presenting as painful, cobblestone, bluish-purple cutaneous lesions mainly on the extremities, distinct from common venous malformations.
Glossary of psychiatry
Glossary of psychiatry: reference vocabulary of psychiatric diagnosis, centered on DSM (APA, 1952, now DSM-5-TR) and ICD (WHO, ICD-11), plus terms like nosology, mental status examination, residual categories, and RDoC.
Glossectomy
A glossectomy is surgery that removes all or part of the tongue, performed most often to treat oral cancer and graded as partial, hemi-, subtotal, or total.
Glossitis
Glossitis, or tongue inflammation, includes atrophic, geographic (benign migratory), median rhomboid, and strawberry tongue forms; causes range from iron and B12 deficiency to Candida infection, with most cases self-limiting.
Glossopalatine ankylosis
Glossopalatine ankylosis (Cosack syndrome, superior ankyloglossia) is a rare congenital OLHS disorder in which a fibrous band ties the tongue to the hard palate, with cleft palate, micrognathia, and limb defects; treated by surgical division.
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX, nervus glossopharyngeus): ninth cranial nerve from the medulla exiting via the jugular foramen; supplies stylopharyngeus, parotid gland, posterior third of tongue taste, carotid sinus and body; linked to glossopharyngeal neuralgia.