25,729 articles
ALG3-CDG
ALG3-CDG (CDG-Id, OMIM 601110) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder of glycosylation caused by ALG3 alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase deficiency, causing truncated N-glycans, severe epilepsy, microcephaly, hypotonia, and multisystem disease.
ALG6-CDG
ALG6-CDG, also called congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ic (CDG-Ic), is an inherited autosomal recessive metabolic disease causing hypotonia, seizures, and developmental delay in infants, first reported in 1998.
ALG8-CDG
ALG8-CDG (CDG-Ih, glucosyltransferase 2 deficiency) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder of N-linked glycosylation from ALG8 (11q14.1) mutations, causing severe hepatic, gastrointestinal, neurologic, and coagulation symptoms with poor prognosis.
ALG9-CDG
ALG9-CDG (CDG-IL, CDG1L) is a rare autosomal recessive N-glycosylation disorder from ALG9 (11q23) mannosyltransferase 7-9 deficiency, causing infantile epilepsy, hypotonia, cysts, or lethal fetal skeletal dysplasia.
Algal toxicosis
Algal toxicosis: animal poisoning from toxins of harmful algal blooms (cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates, diatoms). Key toxins include microcystins, anatoxins, saxitoxins, brevetoxins, domoic acid; WOAH-listed wildlife disease.
Alglucerase
Alglucerase (Ceredase), Genzyme's mannose-terminated placenta-derived glucocerebrosidase, was the first enzyme replacement therapy for type 1 Gaucher disease, FDA-approved April 1991, discontinued 1998 after imiglucerase replaced it.
Alglucosidase alfa
Alglucosidase alfa (Myozyme, Lumizyme) is recombinant human acid alpha-glucosidase, an enzyme replacement therapy for Pompe disease (GAA deficiency), dosed 20 mg/kg intravenously every two weeks, first approved in 2006.
Algolagnia
Algolagnia: sexual satisfaction from experiencing or inflicting pain; Greek algos (pain) + lagneia (lust). Early sexology umbrella term for sadism (active) and masochism (passive), studied by Havelock Ellis in Love and Pain (1903).
Algometry
Algometry is a clinical measurement method that quantifies the pressure pain threshold, the minimal pressure inducing pain, used in pain medicine to assess tenderness and track treatment response.
Algor mortis
Algor mortis is the postmortem cooling of a body after death, used with the Henssge nomogram to estimate the postmortem interval, typically within the first 24-80 hours, limited by ambient temperature, body mass, clothing, and refrigeration.
Ali Khoynezhad
Ali Khoynezhad, MD, PhD, FACS, Iranian-American cardiothoracic and aortic surgeon; led aortic surgery at Cedars-Sinai and MemorialCare Long Beach, TEVAR researcher, and CMO of Avicenna MD since 2023.
Ali Rowhani-Rahbar
Ali Rowhani-Rahbar is an Iranian-born American epidemiologist at the University of Washington who studies firearm injury prevention and was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2023.
Alicaforsen
Alicaforsen (ISIS 2302) is an investigational antisense oligonucleotide developed by Isis Pharmaceuticals, now licensed to Atlantic Healthcare, that inhibits ICAM-1 and is studied for ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and pouchitis.
Alice in Wonderland syndrome
Alice in Wonderland syndrome (AIWS, Todd's syndrome), named by John Todd in 1955, is a perceptual disorder causing distortions of body size, object size, and time, mostly linked to migraine, infections, and epilepsy.
Alicia Fernandez
Alicia Fernandez is an American internist and health services researcher at UCSF who studies language barriers in care and joined the National Academy of Medicine in 2024.
Alien hand syndrome
Alien hand syndrome, also called alien limb or Dr. Strangelove syndrome, is a rare disorder where a hand moves involuntarily with a sense of foreignness, caused by stroke, callosal damage, tumors, or neurodegeneration, with frontal, callosal, and posterior variants.
Alirocumab
Alirocumab (Praluent) is a PCSK9-inhibitor monoclonal antibody by Sanofi/Regeneron, FDA-approved 2015, dosed subcutaneously every 2 or 4 weeks to lower LDL-C; ODYSSEY OUTCOMES showed reduced cardiovascular events after acute coronary syndrome.
Alisertib
Alisertib (MLN8237) is an investigational oral inhibitor of Aurora A kinase studied in more than 1,000 patients with blood and solid tumors, developed by Millennium Pharmaceuticals.
Alisporivir
Alisporivir (Debio 025, DEB025) is a non-immunosuppressive oral cyclophilin A inhibitor derived from cyclosporine A, developed as a pangenotypic host-targeting antiviral for hepatitis C; FDA halted trials after fatal pancreatitis cases.
Alizapride
Alizapride (CAS 59338-93-1), a substituted benzamide dopamine D2 antagonist antiemetic related to metoclopramide; ATC A03FA05, 3-hour half-life, renal elimination; sold nationally as Plitican, Litican, Vergentan, not EMA/FDA approved.
ALK-positive large B-cell lymphoma
ALK-positive large B-cell lymphoma (ALK+ LBCL) is a rare, aggressive subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that expresses the ALK protein due to an ALK gene rearrangement.
Alka-Seltzer
Alka-Seltzer, Bayer's effervescent OTC brand introduced in 1931: original tablets combine aspirin 325 mg, citric acid, and sodium bicarbonate for heartburn, upset stomach, and pain; distinct from Alka-Seltzer Cold (formerly Plus) cold/flu line.
Alkaline diet (alternative medicine)
Alkaline diet, also called acid-alkaline or alkaline ash diet: an alternative-medicine eating plan claiming alkaline foods shift body pH to prevent disease. Evidence shows diet cannot change blood pH and does not protect bones or prevent cancer.
Alkaline hydrolysis (body disposition)
Alkaline hydrolysis, also known as water cremation, resomation, or aquamation, is a body disposition method that dissolves a body in a heated alkaline solution, leaving bone mineral.
Alkaptonuria
Alkaptonuria (AKU, alcaptonuria) is a rare autosomal recessive HGD-enzyme deficiency causing homogentisic acid buildup, dark urine, ochronosis, and spinal arthritis; nitisinone is the first disease-modifying treatment.
Alkhurma haemorrhagic fever
Alkhurma haemorrhagic fever is a tick-borne viral disease caused by a flavivirus related to Kyasanur Forest disease virus, first identified in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in 1995, with no vaccine.
Alkyl mercury compounds
Alkyl mercury compounds (alkylmercurials), organic mercury compounds with mercury bonded to an alkyl group, chiefly methylmercury and ethylmercury; neurotoxic, thiol-binding, biomagnified in fish, historically used as seed fungicides.
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Darbhanga (अखिल भारतीय आयुर्विज्ञान संस्थान, दरभंगा)
AIIMS Darbhanga (अखिल भारतीय आयुर्विज्ञान संस्थान, दरभंगा), Bihar's second AIIMS under PMSSY, approved 15 September 2020 at ₹1264 crore; land disputes delayed it, foundation stone laid November 2024, revised cost ₹2006.07 crore in 2026.
All-on-4
All-on-4 is a dental implant technique replacing a full arch of teeth on four implants, two of them angled, with a fixed prosthesis placed immediately.
ALL-SIL
ALL-SIL (SIL-ALL, CVCL_1805, DSMZ ACC 511) is a human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line from a 17-year-old male at relapse, carrying NUP214-ABL1 fusion and NOTCH1 mutations, TLX1-positive, GSI-sensitive.