25,729 articles
Grape surgery
Grape surgery: performing simulated surgical procedures on grapes as a low-cost microsurgical training model in ophthalmology, ENT, and laparoscopy, and the 2014 da Vinci Si grape-suturing video that popularized robotic surgery.
Grapefruit–drug interactions
Grapefruit–drug interactions: grapefruit furanocoumarins irreversibly inhibit intestinal CYP3A4, raising exposure of statins, calcium channel blockers, and immunosuppressants, while OATP inhibition lowers fexofenadine and aliskiren levels; discovered 1989 with felodipine.
Graphene oxide drug delivery
Graphene oxide drug delivery is an experimental nanomedicine approach that uses graphene oxide nanosheets to load, transport, and release drugs and genes, reported in 2008 and still preclinical.
Graves' disease
Graves' disease, also called Basedow's disease, is an autoimmune disorder causing hyperthyroidism through TSH receptor-stimulating antibodies; it affects about 1 in 100 Americans, is 7-8 times more common in women, and is treated with antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, or surgery.
Graves' ophthalmopathy
Graves' ophthalmopathy, also called thyroid eye disease or Graves' orbitopathy, is an autoimmune orbital inflammation affecting about one in three people with Graves' disease, treated with glucocorticoids, mycophenolate, teprotumumab, radiotherapy, or surgery.
Gravidity and parity
Gravidity and parity (G/P, GTPAL, GPAL): obstetric counts summarizing pregnancy history. Gravidity counts all pregnancies regardless of outcome; parity counts pregnancies reaching a viability threshold, typically 20-28 weeks, counting multiples as one delivery.
Gravity bong
Gravity bong (G-B, geeb): a homemade cannabis smoking device using water displacement to fill a chamber with concentrated smoke pushed in under positive pressure; commercialized as GRAV's all-glass Gravitron (2004).
Gravity Suits
Gravity suits: inflatable lower-body counterpressure garments, from Crile's 1903 pneumatic suit to pilot G-suits and the medical MAST/PASG anti-shock trousers, now largely abandoned after Cochrane review found no survival benefit.
Gray platelet syndrome
Gray platelet syndrome (GPS, alpha storage pool deficiency) is a rare inherited bleeding disorder caused by NBEAL2 mutations, causing macrothrombocytopenia, absent platelet alpha-granules, gray platelets on smear, myelofibrosis, and splenomegaly.
Gray's Anatomy
Gray's Anatomy is the classic English anatomy reference, first published in London in 1858 as Anatomy: Descriptive and Surgical by Henry Gray with Henry Vandyke Carter's illustrations; now in its 42nd edition (2020) from Elsevier, distinct from Gray's Anatomy for Students and the TV series.
Grayson-Wilbrandt corneal dystrophy
Grayson-Wilbrandt corneal dystrophy (GWCD), also called Grayson-Wilbrandt-Hornhautdystrophie, is an extremely rare, questionable Bowman layer corneal dystrophy described in one 1966 family; autosomal dominant, removed from IC3D edition 3.
Grazoprevir anhydrous
Grazoprevir anhydrous is a hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease inhibitor, combined with elbasvir as Zepatier and approved in the United States in 2016 for chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4.
GRC 15300 (SAR292833)
GRC 15300, or SAR292833, was a first-in-class TRPV3 channel antagonist for chronic pain, discovered by Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, licensed to Sanofi in 2010, and discontinued in 2014.
GRC 17536
GRC 17536 (ISC 17536) is Glenmark's oral TRPA1 antagonist, a thienopyrimidinedione tested in Phase 2a for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy; it failed overall but helped a preserved-nerve-function subgroup, and development was limited by poor bioavailability.
GRC 27864 (ISC 27864)
GRC 27864 (ISC 27864, zaloglanstat) is Glenmark's oral mPGES-1 inhibitor for osteoarthritic pain; Phase 2b trial in 624 Indian patients completed enrollment in 2019.
GRC 6211
GRC 6211, also written GRC-6211, was Glenmark Pharmaceuticals' oral TRPV1 antagonist pain drug licensed to Eli Lilly in 2007 for $45 million upfront; it reached Phase II osteoarthritis and dental pain trials before discontinuation in 2008.
Great Barrington Declaration
Great Barrington Declaration: open letter published October 5, 2020, by Kulldorff, Gupta, and Bhattacharya, opposing COVID lockdowns and proposing Focused Protection; answered by the John Snow Memorandum and Francis Collins's 'takedown' email.
Great Ormond Street Hospital
Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London children's hospital founded 14 February 1852 by Dr Charles West as the Hospital for Sick Children; first UK hospital for children, NHS Foundation Trust since 2012, CQC-rated Good, leading paediatric research centre.
Great Plague of Marseille
Great Plague of Marseille (1720-1722): last major plague epidemic of Western Europe, brought by the ship Grand Saint-Antoine from the Levant, killing about 100,000 people, nearly half of Marseille and a quarter of Provence.
Great Plague of Prague
The Great Plague of Prague was a bubonic plague epidemic that struck the Bohemian capital from spring to autumn 1680, killing between 7,000 and 12,000 people, one of the last plague epidemics in central Europe.
Great Plague of Seville
The Great Plague of Seville was an epidemic that struck the city from March to July 1649, killing about 60,000 people, roughly half its population.
Great Plague of Vienna
The Great Plague of Vienna was the bubonic plague epidemic that struck the Habsburg capital in 1679, killing roughly 12,000 or more of its 70,000 inhabitants.
Great saphenous vein
Great saphenous vein (GSV), vena saphena magna: the largest superficial leg vein, from dorsal venous arch to femoral vein. Key for varicose vein reflux treatment and as the most-used coronary bypass conduit.
Greater omentum
Greater omentum (great epiploon): the largest peritoneal fold, a four-layer fatty apron from the stomach's greater curvature over the transverse colon; immune milky spots, gastroepiploic blood supply, omental caking in ovarian cancer, surgical flaps.
Greater trochanter
Greater trochanter (trochanter major): the quadrilateral bony eminence on the proximal lateral femur, attachment site for gluteus medius, minimus, piriformis, and obturator muscles; ossifies around age 4, linked to GTPS and fractures.
Greater trochanteric pain syndrome
Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS), formerly trochanteric bursitis, is chronic lateral hip pain from gluteal tendinopathy; affects 10-25% of people, mostly middle-aged women, treated first with education plus exercise.
Greenberg dysplasia
Greenberg dysplasia (HEM skeletal dysplasia, OMIM 215140) is a very rare, prenatally lethal autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia caused by biallelic LBR variants, with fetal hydrops, moth-eaten bones, and ectopic calcification.
Greenstick fracture
Greenstick fracture: incomplete pediatric fracture where one cortex cracks and the other bends, named for a splintering green twig; common under age 10, forearm, cast 3-6 weeks.
Greg Plitt
Greg Plitt, born George Gregory Plitt, was an American fitness model and personal trainer who appeared on over 200 fitness magazine covers and Bravo's Work Out.
Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome
Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome (GCPS, OMIM 175700) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by GLI3 loss of function at 7p14.1, combining polydactyly, syndactyly, macrocephaly, and hypertelorism.