25,729 articles
Health insurance in the United States
Health insurance in the United States: mixed employer-based, Medicare, Medicaid, and ACA marketplace system; 92% insured in 2024, no universal coverage, 18% of GDP spent on health care.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
HIPAA (P.L. 104-191, 1996), the US health privacy and portability law: PHI, Privacy and Security Rules, breach notification, OCR penalties, HITECH/Omnibus changes, and 2024-2025 rulemaking.
Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service
Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (건강보험심사평가원, HIRA), South Korea's quasi-governmental agency established in 2000 that reviews NHI claims, assesses care quality, manages drug reimbursement, and provides claims data on about 46 million patients yearly for research.
Health Literacy Questionnaire
The Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) is a 44-item self-report survey measuring health literacy across nine dimensions, introduced in 2013 and used in over 100 countries.
Health maintenance organization
A health maintenance organization, or HMO, is a health insurance plan covering care from a network of contracted doctors, providing services for a fixed prepaid fee.
Health Planning
Health planning is the process by which governments and health authorities define a vision and organize resources to improve the equity, effectiveness, and efficiency of health systems.
Health policy
Health policy: government decisions on organizing, financing, and regulating health services, also known as universal health coverage (UHC) policy. Distinguished by WHO's primary health care approach, SDG target 3.8, Alma-Ata 1978 and Astana 2018 milestones, and OECD performance assessment frameworks.
Health Priorities
Health Priorities: preferentially rated health-related activities used in establishing health planning goals (MeSH D006292, entry term Priorities, Health). Covers priority setting in national health planning, criteria such as cost-effectiveness and equity, and ethics.
Health professional
Health professional: a trained, licensed provider of health services (physician, nurse, midwife, pharmacist, allied health). WHO defines health workers as all people engaged in enhancing health; 11 million projected shortfall by 2030, 67% women.
Health protection
Health protection: public health function safeguarding populations against external threats via government policy, regulation, and law; includes IHR, PHEIC alerts, emergency preparedness, and environmental and occupational risk control.
Health Protection Agency
Health Protection Agency (HPA), Maldives' national public health agency under the Ministry of Health, formed under the Public Health Protection Act; handles disease surveillance, immunization, IHR focal point duties, JEE 2024, NAPHS, and NHEROP emergency planning.
Health Resorts
Health resorts are places people visit for restorative getaways, equipped with therapeutic services and facilities; the category spans mineral-spring spas, thermal-bath towns, and medical spas.
Health risks and complications of polycystic ovary syndrome
The health risks and complications of polycystic ovary syndrome include infertility, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, endometrial cancer, obstructive sleep apnea, and depression, driven largely by insulin resistance.
Health Sciences University
Health Sciences University (HSU), formerly AECC University College and the Anglo-European College of Chiropractic, is a specialist health sciences university in Bournemouth, London, and Reading, renamed in 2024, with clinics, NHS imaging partnerships, and a Solent-awarded PhD.
Health security
Health security: policy concept covering protection of populations from epidemics, disasters, and biological, chemical, and nuclear accidents; frameworks include the IHR, GHSA, and JEE; flagship journal Health Security (ISSN 2326-5094), renamed from Biosecurity and Bioterrorism in 2015.
Health Services
Health services: organized services for diagnosis, treatment, and maintenance of health (MeSH D006296, 1974). Covers service delivery sub-functions, access dimensions, history from Alma-Ata 1978, and OECD/WHO performance assessment.
Health Services Administration
Health services administration is the organization and management of people, institutions, and resources delivering health care, classified in health accounts as HC.7.1 governance and administration, with graduate education dating to 1934.
Health Services Research (concept)
Health services research (HSR) is a multidisciplinary field studying how social factors, financing systems, organizations, technologies, and behaviors affect access to, quality, and cost of health care.
Health services research (institution)
Health Services Research (HSR), bimonthly US journal founded 1966, official journal of the Association for Health Services Research, ISSN 0017-9124, covering healthcare delivery, quality, financing, and outcomes; NLM ID 0053006.
Health Status
Health status: the level of health of an individual, group, or population (MeSH D006304), assessed subjectively or objectively. Measured via self-rated health, indicators like mortality and morbidity, and instruments such as SF-36 and EQ-5D.
Health system
Health system: the organizations, institutions, resources and people whose primary purpose is to improve health. Covers WHO's six building blocks, Beveridge/Bismarck/NHI/out-of-pocket financing models, UHC gaps (4.6 billion under-covered), and cross-country performance controversies.
Health Utilities Index
The Health Utilities Index (HUI) is a family of questionnaires that classify health status and convert responses into a utility score from 0.00 (dead) to 1.00 (perfect health).
Health Workforce
Health workforce: the availability, supply, demand, distribution and utilization of health personnel (MeSH D006280; also health and care workforce). WHO estimated an 18 million health worker shortfall toward universal health coverage by 2030.
Healthcare
Healthcare: The Journal of Delivery Science and Innovation (HJDSI) is a quarterly Elsevier peer-reviewed journal founded in Amsterdam in 2013, covering health care delivery innovation, indexed in MEDLINE since 2015, and an official AcademyHealth journal.
Healthcare Disparities
Healthcare disparities, also called health care inequalities, are differences in access to or availability of medical facilities and services between population groups, tracked by MeSH since 2008, AHRQ reports since 2003, and persisting in every U.S. state.
Healthcare in Brazil
Healthcare in Brazil centers on SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde), a tax-funded universal system created by the 1988 Constitution, free at point of care, decentralized across three government levels, alongside private insurance covering about 25% of the population.
Healthcare in Canada
Canada's universal, tax-funded Medicare system: 13 provincial plans under the 1984 Canada Health Act, $52.1B federal transfer, long specialist waits, and new dental care and pharmacare programs.
Healthcare in China
Healthcare in China (医疗卫生): mixed public-private system run by the National Health Commission and National Healthcare Security Administration; 1.1 million institutions, 16.12 million workers, 10.65 billion visits in 2025, spending 6.7% of GDP, life expectancy 79.25 years.
Healthcare in Germany
Healthcare in Germany, also called the German health care system, provides universal coverage through compulsory statutory health insurance, first introduced under Otto von Bismarck in 1883.
Healthcare in India
Healthcare in India: mixed public-private system, 3.83% of GDP health spending (2021-22), Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY ₹5 lakh coverage, 1.84 lakh Ayushman Arogya Mandirs, 863 million digital health IDs, out-of-pocket spending down to 39.4%.