25,729 articles
Hirudin Therapy
Hirudin therapy: anticoagulant treatment using hirudins, direct thrombin inhibitors from medicinal leech saliva (lepirudin, desirudin, bivalirudin), used mainly for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and PCI, distinct from heparin by clot-bound thrombin inhibition.
His bundle tachycardia
His bundle tachycardia, or junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET), is a rare arrhythmia of increased AV node and His bundle excitability in newborns, showing AV dissociation, narrow QRS, and sinus capture beats (ORPHA:3283).
Histaminergic neuron
Histaminergic neurons, the brain's only histamine-releasing neurons, sit in the tuberomammillary nucleus of the posterior hypothalamus, fire as wake-promoting pacemakers, project throughout the CNS, and signal via H1–H4 receptors.
Histidinemia
Histidinemia (histidase deficiency, HAL deficiency) is a benign autosomal recessive metabolic disorder with elevated histidine in blood, urine, and CSF, caused by HAL gene mutations at 12q22-q24.1.
Histiocytic sarcoma
Histiocytic sarcoma, also called malignant histiocytosis, is an ultra-rare aggressive hematopoietic cancer of mature histiocytes, mostly extranodal, with RAS/MAPK mutations, median survival about six months, and treatment by surgery for localized disease.
Histiocytoid cardiomyopathy
Histiocytoid cardiomyopathy (infantile xanthomatous or oncocytic cardiomyopathy) is a rare mitochondrial arrhythmogenic disorder of infants under 2, mostly girls, causing incessant ventricular tachycardia, sudden death, and mitochondria-rich histiocytoid myocardial cells.
Histocompatibility testing
Histocompatibility testing is the set of laboratory methods used before transplantation to judge donor-recipient HLA compatibility, informing organ allocation and assessing the risk of rejection.
Histocytochemistry
Histocytochemistry (cytochemistry) is the study of intracellular distribution of chemicals, reaction sites, and enzymes via staining, isotope uptake, and electron microscopy; immunohistochemistry, PAS, and Prussian blue are its MeSH subfields.
Histocytological Preparation Techniques
Histocytological preparation techniques (MeSH D016591) are methods for preparing cells and tissues for microscopy: fixation, paraffin embedding, microtomy, staining, and cell blocks, from specimen handling to FFPE and frozen sections.
Histological Techniques
Histological techniques: methods of preparing tissue (fixation, embedding, sectioning, staining) for microscopic study of structure and pathology; MeSH D006652; H&E standard, IHC from the 1980s.
Histopathology
Histopathology, or histopathological examination, is the branch of pathology that diagnoses disease by examining stained tissue samples under a microscope, the gold standard for cancer, inflammation, and infection.
Histoplasmosis
Histoplasmosis, caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, is a pneumonia acquired by inhaling spores from soil enriched with bird or bat droppings; endemic in the Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys, treated with amphotericin B or itraconazole.
Histoplasmosis due to Histoplasma duboisii
African histoplasmosis, infection by Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii (H. duboisii), endemic to central and western Africa; causes skin, bone, and lymph node lesions with large 6-12 µm yeasts, unlike pulmonary classical histoplasmosis.
Historical Eclecticism
Historical Eclecticism (Eclectic medicine), 19th-century American medical sect founded by Wooster Beach from Thomsonianism; used indigenous plants, specific medication, Cincinnati Eclectic Medical Institute; ended after Flexner Report.
Historical Tissue Therapy
Historical tissue therapy (MeSH D014023) is the superseded practice of transplanting refrigerated tissue after Filatov and injecting fresh or preserved cells after Niehans, based on the theory of biogenic stimulators formed in chilled tissues.
History and classification of congenital disorders of glycosylation
Congenital disorders of glycosylation, first described by Jaak Jaeken in 1980 as CDGS, were renamed at a 1999 workshop and have grown to about 200 inherited disorders.
History and research directions of rheumatoid arthritis
The history of rheumatoid arthritis spans two centuries since its 1800 description, from gold salts to biologics, with research now focused on prediction, prevention, and precision medicine.
History of abortion
History of abortion: from Egyptian papyri (Kahun, Ebers) and the Hippocratic Oath, through medieval criminalization and the 1803 British and 1821 US bans, to Roe v. Wade, its 2022 reversal, and WHO safe-abortion guidance.
History of aspirin
History of aspirin: from ancient willow-bark remedies and Edward Stone's 1763 report, through Gerhardt's 1853 synthesis and Bayer's 1899 Aspirin trademark, to Vane's 1971 COX mechanism and modern antiplatelet use.
History of birth control
History of birth control, also called history of contraception: from Egyptian papyrus suppositories and silphium to condoms, the 1960 pill, IUDs, and sterilization; covers Comstock laws, Sanger and Stopes, fertility decline, and modern debates.
History of cancer
The history of cancer spans from its earliest written description in ancient Egypt around 3000 BCE to the modern understanding of cancer as a disease of cells and genes.
History of cataract surgery
History of cataract surgery: from ancient couching (Sushruta Samhita) through Jacques Daviel's 1747/1750 planned extraction, Sharp's 1753 ICCE, Kelman's 1967 phacoemulsification, IOLs, MSICS, and femtosecond laser surgery.
History of circumcision
History of circumcision: the foreskin-removal rite from ancient Egyptian puberty and marriage rituals, the Jewish covenant of Genesis 17, early Christian abandonment, spread with Islam, Victorian medicalization for masturbation prevention, and modern HIV-prevention programs.
History of condoms
History of condoms: barrier sheaths from linen and animal membrane (earliest surviving examples 1642-1646; Falloppio's 1564 linen sheath) through vulcanized rubber (1855), latex (1930s), wartime promotion, the AIDS-era resurgence, and the 1993 female condom.
History of general anesthesia
History of general anesthesia: from pre-1846 speed surgery and Hanaoka's 1804 herbal anesthesia to Ether Day (October 16, 1846), the Morton–Wells–Jackson disputes, chloroform sudden death, and modern mortality under 1 in 250,000.
History of hospitals
History of hospitals: from Mesopotamian, Egyptian, and Greek healing temples and Asclepeia, through Fabiola's 4th-century Roman hospital and Islamic bimaristans, to European voluntary hospitals and modern US institutions of science, insurance, and state funding.
History of medicine
History of medicine: the development of medical knowledge and institutions from Galen and Hippocrates through Islamic bimaristans, Renaissance anatomy, Paris hospital medicine, germ theory, anesthesia, vaccination, and modern public health.
History of mood disorders
The history of mood disorders covers how Western medicine explained and treated disordered mood, from ancient humoral melancholia to the operational categories of DSM-III in 1980.
History of polio
History of polio: from ancient descriptions and 19th-century epidemics to Salk's 1955 IPV, Sabin's oral vaccine, the 1955 Cutter Incident, and the GPEI's post-1988 campaign that cut cases over 99%, leaving wild polio only in Pakistan and Afghanistan.
History of psychiatry
History of psychiatry: from ancient accounts of madness through asylums, Pinel and Tuke's moral treatment, the DSM's growth from 128 to 541 categories, deinstitutionalization, and the 1990 journal History of Psychiatry.