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Incomplete uterovaginal prolapse
Incomplete uterovaginal prolapse (ICD-11 GC40.30, ICD-10 N81.2) is partial descent of the uterus and vagina into the vaginal canal without protrusion beyond the introitus, typically after childbirth, causing pelvic heaviness and urinary symptoms.
Incontinence Pads
Absorbent pads, also called incontinence pads or bladder control pads, are disposable or washable products containing urine or faecal leakage. Key facts: four main designs, superabsorbent polymer cores absorbing over 30 times their weight, gender-specific cost-effectiveness findings, FDA Class I regulation.
Incontinentia pigmenti
Incontinentia pigmenti (Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome), X-linked dominant IKBKG/NEMO disorder mainly of females, with four-stage Blaschko-line skin lesions, retinal vasculopathy, seizures, and CNS anomalies.
iNCOVACC (BBV154)
iNCOVACC (BBV154) is Bharat Biotech's chimpanzee adenovirus 36-vectored intranasal COVID-19 vaccine encoding prefusion-stabilized ancestral spike, approved in India in 2022 as a two-dose primary series and heterologous booster for adults 18+.
Increased appetite
Increased appetite (ICD-11 MG43.9; hyperphagia, polyphagia) is an intermittent or persistent excess desire to eat versus an individual's norm. Causes include hyperthyroidism, diabetes, hypoglycemia, anxiety, bulimia, and drugs such as corticosteroids.
Increased cerebrospinal fluid production
Increased cerebrospinal fluid production (ICD-11 8D64.00), overproduction of CSF by the choroid plexus, chiefly in choroid plexus papilloma, causing communicating hydrocephalus; documented outputs up to 5 L/day.
Increased energy
Increased energy (ICD-11 MB22.4) is a symptom of unusually high felt energy availability, seen in manic and hypomanic episodes and in thyrotoxicosis, and distinct from fatigue as a separate construct.
Increased goal-directed activity
Increased goal-directed activity (ICD-11 MB22.5) is a core mania symptom required with mood change in DSM-5 and ICD-11 criterion A; its addition cut STEP-BD mania/hypomania prevalence by 48% without changing 1-year outcomes.
Increased libido
Increased libido (ICD-11 MB22.6) is a symptom: sexual desire or activity above the patient's own baseline. Distinct from hypersexuality/CSBD; caused by dopaminergic drugs, mania, brain lesions, SSRIs.
Increased sociability
Increased sociability (社交性の亢進) is an ICD-11 symptom category, code MB23.C, in which normal social inhibitions are diminished, producing an increased impulse to talk to others and overfamiliarity.
Incretin
Incretins are gut hormones, principally GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) and GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide), secreted by intestinal K-cells and L-cells after meals; they amplify glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, produce the incretin effect, and ground diabetes and obesity drugs.
Incubation period
Incubation period: the time from exposure to an infectious agent to symptom onset, also called the latency period for chronic disease. Varies by dose, route, and host immunity; sets quarantine lengths (14 days for COVID-19) and outbreak investigation windows.
Incubators
Incubators: enclosed chambers maintaining controlled temperature, humidity, and gases. Covers infant (neonatal) incubators, laboratory CO2 incubators, egg incubators, and business incubators, with history from Tarnier's 1880 design and IEC 60601-2-19 standards.
Indacaterol
Indacaterol (Onbrez Breezhaler, Arcapta Neohaler; QAB149) is a once-daily inhaled long-acting beta2-agonist bronchodilator for COPD maintenance, first EU-approved 2009, FDA-approved 2011 at 75 micrograms.
Indalpine
Indalpine (LM 5008, Upstene) was the first selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor released into clinical use (1978), an indole-piperidine antidepressant marketed in France from 1983 and withdrawn in 1985 after agranulocytosis cases.
Indecainide
Indecainide (Decabid, LY 135837) is a discontinued Eli Lilly class IC antiarrhythmic, a fluorene sodium-channel blocker approved in 1989 for ventricular tachycardia, limited by proarrhythmia in left ventricular dysfunction.
Indecisiveness
Indecisiveness (ICD-11 MB28.6) is the trait-like tendency to have difficulty making decisions or committing to a course of action, measured by the Frost and Shows Indecisiveness Scale and distinct from indecision and procrastination.
Independent trial (NCT00710788)
NCT00710788, the INDEPENDENT study, an Italian open-label randomized trial comparing sevelamer with calcium carbonate in 466 incident hemodialysis patients, reporting lower arrhythmic cardiovascular mortality with sevelamer (HR 0.06).
Indeterminate cell histiocytosis
Indeterminate cell histiocytosis (ICH), or indeterminate dendritic cell tumor, is a rare skin-limited CD1a+/S100+/langerin-negative histiocytic neoplasm, first described by Wood et al in 1985, often associated with myeloid neoplasms and ETV3::NCOA2 fusions.
Indeterminate colitis
Indeterminate colitis (IC), related to IBD unclassified (IBDU), is a provisional IBD diagnosis for colitis that cannot be classified as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease; IC is reserved for colectomy specimens, affects roughly 5-15% of colonic IBD, and mostly behaves like UC.
Index case
Index case: the first case of a disease to come to the attention of health authorities in an outbreak or study. Distinct from the primary case (who introduced the infection) and from "patient zero"; not necessarily the outbreak's source.
Index finger
Index finger (digit 2): the second human finger, key for precision pinch and pointing. Contributes 20% of lateral pinch and 50% of pronated power grip; has two independent extensor tendons; its loss cuts pinch and grip strength about 20%.
Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need
The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) is a dental index, developed by Brook and Shaw in 1989, that grades malocclusion severity to determine need for orthodontic treatment.
Indian Council of Medical Research (भारतीय आयुर्विज्ञान अनुसंधान परिषद)
Indian Council of Medical Research (भारतीय आयुर्विज्ञान अनुसंधान परिषद), India's apex biomedical research body, founded 1911 as Indian Research Fund Association; runs 28 institutes, tiered extramural grants, and DHR-funded health research.
Indian Health Service
The Indian Health Service is a U.S. federal agency within the Department of Health and Human Services providing health care to American Indians and Alaska Natives.
Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission
Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC), Ghaziabad: autonomous MoHFW body publishing the Indian Pharmacopoeia, India's official drug standards book under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940; also runs PvPI pharmacovigilance and joined the PDG in 2023.
Indian Red Cross Society
Indian Red Cross Society (भारतीय रेड क्रास सोसाइटी), India's national Red Cross society, founded under Act XV of 1920; IFRC member with 36 state branches, 1,200+ district branches, and about 4.7 million volunteers.
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), founded 1903, is the largest accredited U.S. medical school, a nine-campus Indiana system, LCME-accredited through 2032-33, 13th among public schools in NIH funding.
Indigestion
Indigestion (dyspepsia) is upper abdominal pain, burning, fullness, bloating, nausea, or belching; most chronic cases are functional dyspepsia, a gut-brain interaction disorder managed by H. pylori test-and-treat, acid suppression, and alarm-feature-guided endoscopy.
Indinavir anhydrous
Indinavir anhydrous (Crixivan, CHEMBL115) is a Merck HIV protease inhibitor, third licensed in the US, FDA-approved March 13, 1996; known for nephrolithiasis, triple-therapy efficacy, and discontinuation in the US and EU.