Human health and medicine

Indiplon

Indiplon (NBI 34060) is an unapproved pyrazolopyrimidine nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic developed by Neurocrine Biosciences for insomnia; a GABAA positive allosteric modulator selective for alpha1 subunits, with IR and MR formulations.

Indirect antiglobulin test

The indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) is a blood-bank laboratory method that detects free antibodies against red cells in serum, underpinning pretransfusion antibody screening, antibody identification, and antenatal testing.

Indirect calorimetry

Indirect calorimetry is a clinical method that estimates energy expenditure and substrate use from oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production, considered the gold standard in clinical settings.

Indirect ELISA

Indirect ELISA is an immunoassay that measures specific antibodies in serum or plasma, using an enzyme-linked secondary antibody for amplification and greater sensitivity than direct ELISA.

Indirect ophthalmoscopy

Indirect ophthalmoscopy is an eye examination technique in which a head-mounted instrument and a hand-held condensing lens give a wide, stereoscopic, inverted view of the retina.

Indirect pulp capping

Indirect pulp capping is a dental treatment for deep caries in which a protective dressing is placed over demineralized dentin left near the pulp, preserving tooth vitality.

Indium in 111 satumomab pendetide

Indium In 111 satumomab pendetide, sold as OncoScint CR/OV by Cytogen, is a discontinued diagnostic radiopharmaceutical, the first FDA-approved tumor-imaging agent for immuno-SPECT, approved in 1992.

Indobufen

Indobufen (K 3920), an isoindoline phenyl-butyric acid antiplatelet drug, reversibly inhibits platelet COX-1 to block TXA2 synthesis; platelet function recovers within 24 hours, unlike aspirin's irreversible 7-10 day effect.

Oct 15, 2026

Indocyanine green

Indocyanine green (ICG) is a near-infrared fluorescent dye approved in the United States in 1959 and used as an optical imaging agent in surgery and ophthalmic angiography.

Indocyanine green angiography

Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) is an imaging method that injects fluorescent indocyanine green dye intravenously and records its near-infrared fluorescence to visualize blood flow in the choroid and in surgical tissue.

Indolent systemic mastocytosis

Indolent systemic mastocytosis (ISM) is the most common, non-advanced form of systemic mastocytosis, a clonal mast cell neoplasm driven by KIT D816V, without organ damage, with near-normal life expectancy and symptom-directed or avapritinib treatment.

Indometacin

Indometacin (indomethacin; Indocin) is an indole-acetic-acid NSAID, first US-approved 1965, inhibiting COX-1/COX-2. Used for rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, acute gout, painful shoulder, and neonatal patent ductus arteriosus; boxed warnings for cardiovascular and GI risk.

Indoor residual spraying

Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is a malaria control method that coats the interior walls and ceilings of dwellings with long-acting insecticide, killing mosquitoes that rest there.

Indoor rower

Indoor rower, also called ergometer or erg, an exercise machine reproducing the rowing stroke with air, water, or magnetic resistance; Concept2 Model A (1981) set the standard, and 2000 m is the benchmark distance.

Indoprofen

Indoprofen (CAS 31842-01-0) is a propionic acid NSAID and cyclooxygenase inhibitor, approved 1979, used for rheumatoid arthritis pain, and withdrawn worldwide after adverse reactions including carcinogenicity in animal studies.

Indoramin

Indoramin (Wy-21901; Baratol, Doralese) is a selective alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist, C22H25N3O, formerly used for hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia; low oral bioavailability, 6-hydroxylation metabolism, sedation as main side effect.

Induced Abortion (procedure)

Induced abortion (artificial termination of pregnancy), ICD-11 JA00.1, is deliberate interruption of pregnancy by medical or surgical means. About 73 million occur yearly; 45% are unsafe, causing major maternal mortality.

Induced coma

Induced coma (pharmacologically induced coma, barbiturate coma) is deep ICU-produced unconsciousness from continuous IV anesthetics, used mainly for refractory status epilepticus and raised intracranial pressure, titrated by EEG to burst suppression.

Induced hyperthermia

Induced hyperthermia is a cancer treatment that deliberately heats tissue to 39–45 °C to damage tumor cells and increase the effectiveness of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, used mainly as an adjunct.

Induced hypotension

Induced hypotension, also called deliberate or controlled hypotension, is an anesthetic technique that lowers blood pressure during surgery to reduce blood loss and improve the surgical field.

Induced membrane technique

The induced membrane technique is a two-stage orthopedic procedure for large bone defects, described by Alain Masquelet: a cement spacer induces a membrane later filled with bone graft.

Induction chemotherapy

Induction chemotherapy, also called first-line or primary treatment, is chemotherapy given as the first treatment for cancer, before definitive therapies such as surgery, radiotherapy, or chemoradiotherapy.

Oct 20, 2026

Industrial medicine

Industrial medicine, also called occupational medicine, is the medical specialty concerned with workers' health and the link between working conditions and disease or injury. It grew out of the nineteenth-century factory system.

Indwelling Catheters

Indwelling catheters (Foley catheters) are balloon-retained tubes placed urethrally or suprapubically to drain urine for days to weeks; main risks are CAUTI, blockage, and trauma, with limited trial evidence comparing catheter types.

Inebilizumab

Inebilizumab (Uplizna, formerly MEDI-551) is a humanized anti-CD19 IgG1 monoclonal antibody depleting B cells, approved for AQP4+ NMOSD, IgG4-related disease, and generalized myasthenia gravis, dosed 300 mg IV every 6 months.

Inedia

Inedia (Latin for fasting), or breatharianism, is the pseudoscientific claim of living without food or water, sustained by prana; investigated cases show fraud, unconfirmed anomalies, and deaths from starvation and dehydration.

Inert gas asphyxiation

Inert gas asphyxiation: death from hypoxia when nitrogen, helium, or argon displaces oxygen in breathed air. Covers occupational accidents, CSB data, forensic detection, suicide, and Alabama's nitrogen executions.

Infant

Infant: a baby in roughly the first year of life (Merck: 1 month to 1 year; WHO: 29 days to 12 months). Covers developmental domains, milestones, reflexes, feeding, sleep, immunization, and safe-sleep guidance.

Infant behavior & development

Infant Behavior & Development (Infant Behav Dev), Elsevier journal founded 1978 by Ablex, ISSN 0163-6383, publishing peer-reviewed research on infancy from prenatal to 36 months across cognitive, motor, perceptual, and social development; quarterly, MEDLINE and SSCI indexed, SJR Q2.