25,729 articles
Joint Commission
The Joint Commission, founded 1951 as JCAH, is the largest US healthcare accreditor, surveying over 22,000 facilities with CMS deemed status since 1965; its Accreditation 360 reform and the contested evidence base for its standards distinguish it from other accreditors.
Joint cracking
Joint cracking (knuckle cracking, crepitus) is the pop from gas cavity formation in synovial fluid when a joint is stretched; harmless per studies, not linked to arthritis, ~20-minute refractory period.
Joint injection
A joint injection is a procedure in which a needle is placed into a joint space to inject medication or aspirate fluid, to diagnose or treat pain and inflammation.
Joint mobilization
Joint mobilization is a manual therapy technique in which a clinician applies graded passive movements to a joint to reduce pain and improve range of motion.
Joint Prosthesis
Joint prosthesis: artificial components replacing hip, knee, or shoulder joint surfaces. Distinguishing facts: UHMWPE bearings since the 1960s, HXLPE cutting wear about 69%, wear debris osteolysis as the leading failure mode.
Joint replacement
Joint replacement, or arthroplasty, is an orthopedic operation in which the damaged surfaces of a joint, usually the hip or knee, are replaced with prosthetic components to relieve pain and restore function.
Jolanta Wadowska-Król
Jolanta Wadowska-Król (1939–2023), Polish pediatrician, "Matka Boska Szopienicka", exposed 1970s mass lead poisoning of children near the Szopienice smelter in Katowice; honored late, subject of Netflix series Lead Children.
Jon Brower Minnoch
Jon Brower Minnoch (1941–1983), American man and Guinness record holder as the heaviest person in medical history, peak weight over 635 kg (1,400 lb) in 1978, largely fluid from congestive heart failure; also record weight difference with wife Jeannette.
Jon Kabat-Zinn
Jon Kabat-Zinn, American Professor of Medicine emeritus at UMass Medical School, founded MBSR (Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction) in 1979 and the CFM in 1995; MIT molecular biology PhD under Salvador Luria, author of Full Catastrophe Living and Wherever You Go, There You Are.
Jonathan Brian Perlin
Jonathan Brian Perlin is an American physician and the seventh President and CEO of the Joint Commission enterprise since 2022, previously Under Secretary for Health at the VA.
Jonathan F. Bean
Jonathan F. Bean is an American physiatrist and Harvard Medical School professor who directs the New England GRECC at VA Boston and studies rehabilitation in older adults.
Jonathan Kipnis
Jonathan Kipnis, Israeli-born American neuroimmunologist at Washington University in St. Louis; discovered meningeal lymphatic vessels in 2015, reframing CNS immune privilege and brain drainage in Alzheimer's disease.
Jonathan Van-Tam
Jonathan Van-Tam (JVT), British influenza specialist and Deputy Chief Medical Officer for England 2017-2022, led health protection, the COVID-19 Vaccine Taskforce work, and televised pandemic briefings; later Nottingham Pro-Vice-Chancellor.
Jones fracture
Jones fracture: transverse fracture of the fifth metatarsal at the metadiaphyseal junction (zone 2), named for Sir Robert Jones (1902). Poor blood supply raises nonunion risk; athletes usually get intramedullary screw fixation, with faster return to sport than conservative care.
Jordan J. Cohen
Jordan J. Cohen is an American physician and nephrologist who served as president of the Association of American Medical Colleges and was elected to the Institute of Medicine in 1994.
Jos University Teaching Hospital
Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) is a federal tertiary teaching hospital in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria, established 1981, affiliated with the University of Jos; about 525 beds, led by CMD Dr. Pokop W. Bupwatda.
Josamycin
Josamycin (leucomycin A3, kitasamycin A3, Wilprafen) is a 16-membered macrolide antibiotic from Streptomyces narbonensis var. josamyceticus, discovered by Hamao Umezawa in 1964, marketed by Yamanouchi in 1969, acting on the 50S ribosome against Gram-positive bacteria and mycoplasmas.
Joseph Bell
Joseph Bell (1837–1911), Edinburgh surgeon, RCSEd President 1887–89, and teacher of Arthur Conan Doyle, whose observational diagnostic method inspired Sherlock Holmes.
Joseph Betancourt
Joseph R. Betancourt is an American physician and health equity researcher who became president of The Commonwealth Fund in 2023 after leading equity work at Massachusetts General Hospital.
Joseph C. Greenfield Jr.
Joseph C. Greenfield Jr., also known as Joseph Cholmondeley Greenfield Jr., was an American cardiologist at Duke University Medical Center. He pioneered reperfusion therapy for acute coronary syndromes.
Joseph Maroon
Joseph Maroon, born in 1940, is an American neurosurgeon and clinical professor at the University of Pittsburgh who was the Pittsburgh Steelers' team neurosurgeon for more than 40 years.
Joseph Mercola
Joseph Mercola, American osteopathic physician and founder of Mercola.com (1997), a major natural-health and supplement business; three-time NYT bestselling author, recipient of FDA and FTC enforcement actions, and a CCDH-named 'Disinformation Dozen' member.
Joseph Merrick
Joseph Carey Merrick, known as the Elephant Man, was an Englishman from Leicester with severe deformities who lived at the London Hospital until his death in 1890.
Joseph Pilates
Joseph Pilates (1883–1967), German boxer and circus tumbler interned at Knockaloe in WWI, created Contrology, now called Pilates, and ran a New York studio from 1927 with Clara Zeuner.
Joseph St. Geme Jr.
Joseph W. St. Geme Jr. (1931–1986) was an American pediatrician who chaired pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and served as dean of the University of Colorado School of Medicine.
Joseph W. Eschbach
Joseph Wetherill Eschbach was an American nephrologist who established that erythropoietin deficiency causes kidney failure anemia and led the first clinical trials of the treatment.
Josiah D. Rich
Josiah D. Rich is an American infectious disease and addiction medicine physician-researcher at Brown University, known for building Rhode Island's statewide prison medication-assisted treatment program.
Joubert syndrome
Joubert syndrome (JS, OMIM PS213300), also called Joubert-Boltshauser syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive ciliopathy defined by the molar tooth sign on brain MRI, hypotonia, ataxia, developmental delay, and over 40 causative ciliary genes.
Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology
The Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology (JCE) is a peer-reviewed cardiology journal covering arrhythmia disorders from ion-channel biophysics to catheter ablation, founded in 1989 and published by Wiley.
Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing
Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing (JCN), ISSN 0889-4655, is a bimonthly US peer-reviewed nursing journal founded in 1986, published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, official journal of the Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, 2025 impact factor 2.3 (Q2).