25,729 articles
Andrea A. Anderson
Andrea A. Anderson is an American family physician and health-equity leader at George Washington University who chaired the American Board of Family Medicine and was elected to the National Academy of Medicine.
Andrea L. Cheville
Andrea L. Cheville is an American physiatrist and cancer rehabilitation researcher at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2016.
Andrea Natale
Andrea Natale, Italian-born American cardiac electrophysiologist, executive medical director of the Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute in Austin; pioneer of atrial fibrillation catheter ablation, circumferential ultrasound vein ablation, epicardial RF ablation, and EPLive.
Andreas Kalcker
Andreas Ludwig Kalcker, German-born self-described biophysical researcher in Switzerland, promoter of drinking chlorine dioxide (CDS, Chlorine Dioxide Solution) for COVID-19 and other diseases; developer of CDS in 2012, author of Forbidden Health, COMUSAV founder, subject of regulatory warnings and an Argentine criminal investigation.
Andrés Jose García
Andrés Jose García, also known as Andrés J. García, is an American bioengineer at Georgia Tech who designs biomaterials for regenerative medicine and was elected to both the National Academy of Engineering and Medicine in 2021.
Andrew B. Bindman
Andrew B. Bindman is an American general internist and health services researcher who has served as Kaiser Permanente's chief medical officer since 2020 and joined the National Academy of Medicine in 2015.
Andrew J. Griffith
Andrew Griffin, also known as Andrew J. Griffith, is an American otolaryngologist and geneticist who discovered the TMC genes underlying inner-ear hearing and received a 2002 Presidential Early Career Award.
Andrew Taylor Still
Andrew Taylor Still (1828–1917), founder of osteopathy; broke with drug medicine in 1874, founded the American School of Osteopathy in Kirksville, Missouri, 1892, and became the first DO.
Andrew Wakefield
Andrew Wakefield, discredited former British gastroenterologist; lead author of the retracted 1998 Lancet paper falsely linking the MMR vaccine to autism; struck off by the GMC in 2010 after a 217-day hearing for dishonesty and ethics breaches.
Andrew Weil
Andrew Weil, American Harvard-trained physician, author, and founder of the Arizona Program in Integrative Medicine; coined "integrative medicine," wrote Spontaneous Healing and Healthy Aging, advocates an anti-inflammatory diet, and is criticized for rejecting randomized-trial evidence standards.
Andrew William Bazemore
Andrew William Bazemore is an American family physician and health services researcher, former director of the Robert Graham Center and a 2016 National Academy of Medicine member.
Andrew Witty
Sir Andrew Witty, British executive, CEO of GlaxoSmithKline 2008-2017 and of UnitedHealth Group 2021-2025 after leading Optum; knighted, former Nottingham chancellor, stepped down May 2025.
Androgen deprivation therapy
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a prostate cancer treatment that suppresses testosterone or blocks androgen receptors to slow tumor growth, used from recurrence to metastatic disease.
Androgen receptor
Androgen receptor (AR, NR3C4): nuclear receptor protein on Xq12 that binds testosterone and DHT, translocates to the nucleus, and activates androgen-responsive genes; central to prostate growth, prostate cancer therapy, SBMA, and androgen insensitivity.
Androgen therapy
Androgen therapy is the medical administration of androgen hormones, most often testosterone, to restore normal levels and relieve symptoms of androgen deficiency, chiefly male hypogonadism.
Andrology
Andrology: the medical discipline of male reproductive biology, male genital diseases, and male infertility, spanning endocrinology, spermatogenesis, and semen analysis; its flagship journal Andrology formed in 2013 from the merger of the International Journal of Andrology and the Journal of Andrology.
ANE syndrome
ANE syndrome (alopecia, neurologic defects, and endocrinopathy syndrome, ANES) is a rare autosomal recessive ribosomopathy caused by biallelic RBM28 mutations, distinct from acute necrotizing encephalopathy, causing alopecia, intellectual disability, motor decline, and pituitary hormone deficiency.
Anecortave acetate
Anecortave acetate (RETAANE) is an angiostatic cortisene, a cortisol analog lacking glucocorticoid activity, given as a posterior juxtascleral depot every 6 months for wet AMD; development was discontinued after FDA approvable letters and a 2006 EMA withdrawal.
Anemia
Anemia (anaemia) is a below-normal red blood cell or hemoglobin level, reducing oxygen delivery. Affects 40% of young children and 30% of women 15–49 globally; iron deficiency is the leading cause.
Anemia of chronic disease
Anemia of chronic disease (ACD), or anemia of inflammation, the second most common anemia after iron deficiency; hepcidin-mediated iron sequestration, blunted EPO, and shortened red cell survival in inflammatory illness.
Anemia of lead poisoning
Anemia of lead poisoning is a usually mild anemia caused by lead's disruption of heme synthesis and red-cell membranes, often with basophilic stippling, rarely lowering hemoglobin below 9 g/dL.
Anencephaly
Anencephaly is a fatal neural tube defect in which a baby is born without parts of the brain and skull (ICD-10 Q00.0). About 1 in 4,762 U.S. births; preventable with 400 mcg daily folic acid before and during early pregnancy.
Anesthesia
Anesthesia: reversible drug-induced loss of sensation or consciousness enabling surgery. Four types (general, regional, sedation, local); GABA-A/NMDA mechanisms; MAC dosing; mortality down to 34 per million; sugammadex and pEEG monitoring.
Anesthesia and analgesia (institution)
Anesthesia & Analgesia, official journal of the International Anesthesia Research Society, founded 1922 as Current Researches in Anesthesia & Analgesia by Francis Hoeffer McMechan; world's longest-running anesthesiology journal, monthly since 1980, online-only from 2027.
Anesthesia and Analgesia (procedure)
Anesthesia and analgesia are medical techniques that relieve pain or eliminate pain sensation during surgery, spanning local, regional, and general anesthesia together with sedation and postoperative pain control.
Anesthesia Recovery Period
The anesthesia recovery period is the interval from the end of anesthetic delivery until a patient regains consciousness and stable vital functions, spent partly in the PACU.
Anesthesiology
Anesthesiology, the medical specialty of anesthesia and perioperative medicine, spans general, regional, sedation, and local techniques; founded by the 1846 ether demonstration, with defined training, safety standards, and workforce shortages in the UK and US.
Anesthetic
Anesthetic: drug preventing pain during surgery or procedures, as general (unconsciousness) or local/regional (numbing) agents. Key facts: 1846 ether demonstration, MAC potency measure, ion channel and membrane sites of action, agents like sevoflurane, propofol, ketamine.
Anesthetic Hypnosis
Anesthetic hypnosis (hypnosedation, hypnoanesthesia): inducing a trance-like state to relieve surgical pain, historically used as sole anesthesia in the 1800s and now an evidence-supported adjunct reducing anxiety, pain, and drug use.
Anesthetists
Anesthetists are professionals trained and certified to administer anesthetics: physician anesthesiologists, nurse anesthetists (CRNAs), and anesthesiologist assistants. Covers training, certification, history since 1846, practice models, and safety evidence.