25,729 articles
Liquid paraffin (drug)
Liquid paraffin (mineral oil, Paraffinum liquidum) is a petroleum-derived saturated hydrocarbon mixture used as a lubricant laxative for constipation; key hazards are lipoid pneumonia from aspiration and fat-soluble vitamin malabsorption.
Liquid-based cytology
Liquid-based cytology is a specimen preparation method that suspends cells in preservative fluid and deposits a thin, uniform slide layer, introduced in the 1990s for Pap screening.
LIRA trial
LIRA (NCT07799740), Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging for Rectal Anastomotic Evaluation, a University of Aarhus feasibility trial testing laparoscopic LSCI rectal perfusion measurement during rectal cancer surgery in 100 participants, compared with ICG fluorescence imaging.
Liraglutide
Liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda) is a once-daily injectable GLP-1 receptor agonist by Novo Nordisk for type 2 diabetes (up to 1.8 mg) and obesity (3.0 mg), with LEADER cardiovascular benefit, thyroid C-cell tumor boxed warning, and first generics approved in 2025.
Lirentelimab
Lirentelimab (AK002), Allakos's humanized non-fucosylated IgG1 anti-Siglec-8 monoclonal antibody that depletes eosinophils and inhibits mast cells; positive phase 2 ENIGMA results but phase 3 symptom endpoints failed and development ended in January 2024.
Lisa Lillien
Lisa Lillien, known professionally as Hungry Girl, is an American author and TV personality whose brand grew from a 2004 email into bestselling cookbooks and shows.
Lisa Oz
Lisa Oz, American writer, producer, and entrepreneur in New Jersey; wife of Dr. Mehmet Oz; coauthor of five New York Times best sellers including the YOU: The Owner's Manual series and author of Us.
Lisaftoclax tablets
Lisaftoclax (利沙托克拉, brand Lisengtuo 利生妥, APG-2575) is Ascentage Pharma's oral Bcl-2 inhibitor, conditionally approved in China July 2025 for previously treated CLL/SLL; second Bcl-2 inhibitor marketed globally.
Lisbeth B. Schorr
Lisbeth B. Schorr is an American social policy and public health figure, a Senior Fellow at the Center for the Study of Social Policy and a lecturer at Harvard.
Lisch epithelial corneal dystrophy
Lisch epithelial corneal dystrophy, also called band-shaped and whorled microcystic dystrophy, is a rare corneal dystrophy with feathery gray opacities that first appear in childhood and slowly progress.
Lisfranc injury
Lisfranc injury: fracture and/or dislocation of the midfoot disrupting tarsometatarsal joints, also called tarsometatarsal injury. About 0.2% of fractures, over 20% missed initially; treated nonoperatively, by ORIF, or by primary arthrodesis (fusion).
Lisinopril
Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril) is a nonsulfhydryl ACE inhibitor for hypertension, heart failure, and post-heart-attack survival. Once-daily dosing, ~25% bioavailability, renal excretion, contraindicated in pregnancy.
Lissencephaly
Lissencephaly (smooth brain), including agyria, pachygyria, and subcortical band heterotopia, is a cortical malformation from defective neuronal migration at 12-24 weeks gestation, mainly caused by PAFAH1B1 (LIS1) and DCX mutations, with epilepsy and short life expectancy.
Lissencephaly due to LIS1 mutation
Lissencephaly due to LIS1 mutation, also called PAFAH1B1-related lissencephaly, is a rare autosomal dominant cortical malformation on 17p13.3 causing posterior smooth brain, severe epilepsy evolving from West to Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, and developmental delay.
List of abbreviations used in medical prescriptions
Prescription abbreviations are Latin-derived shorthand (Rx, bid, tid, prn, ac, SC) for dose, route, and frequency on prescriptions; error-prone ones like U, IU, QD, QOD, and MS are prohibited by the Joint Commission and ISMP.
List of acupuncture points
List of acupuncture points: the 361 classical acupoints (穴位) of traditional Chinese medicine, coded by meridian with Pinyin and Han names, standardized by WHO in the 2008 Western Pacific point-location standard, with 6 points still disputed.
List of American supercentenarians
The list of American supercentenarians covers validated US residents aged 110 or older, verified chiefly through census and vital records by the Gerontology Research Group.
List of animals by number of neurons
List of animals by number of neurons: ranked neuron counts, from fruit fly (166,000) and octopus (500 million) to human (86 billion) and African elephant (257 billion), with counting methods and limits as intelligence predictors.
List of antibiotics
List of antibiotics: classes of antibacterial drugs (beta-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, others), their mechanisms of action, history from penicillin (1928) onward, appropriate use, resistance, and the WHO 2025 clinical pipeline.
List of antidepressants
List of antidepressants: drug classes from MAOIs (iproniazid, 1958) and TCAs (imipramine) through SSRIs (fluoxetine/Prozac), SNRIs (venlafaxine), NDRIs (bupropion), and glutamatergic agents (esketamine), with approval dates, trade names, and mechanisms.
List of autocannibalism incidents
Autocannibalism (self-cannibalism, autosarcophagy): documented case reports of people eating their own flesh, including psychotic prisoners, tetraplegic patients, a nonpsychotic body-modification case, and TBI and intellectual-disability cases.
List of benzodiazepines
List of benzodiazepines: FDA-listed agents including alprazolam (Xanax), diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), clonazepam (Klonopin), and triazolam (Halcion); GABA-A modulators classified by elimination half-life, with 2020 class-wide boxed warning.
List of bones of the human skeleton
Bones of the human skeleton: conventionally 206 adult bones, 80 axial and 126 appendicular, excluding sesamoid, sutural, and accessory bones; newborns have 275 to 300 before fusion.
List of British supercentenarians
List of British supercentenarians: UK residents validated as living past age 110, tracked by the Gerontology Research Group. Oldest ever Briton is Ethel Caterham (115 years, 229 days); earliest case Margaret Ann Neve (died 1903).
List of burn centers in the United States
Burn centers in the United States: hospital units for serious burn injuries, first civilian unit 1947, 137 active centers by 1993, listed in the American Burn Association's Find a Burn Center directory with ABA/ACS verification.
List of cancer types
List of cancer types: organized enumerations of cancers by name, body site, or tissue of origin, keyed to ICD-O and WHO Classification of Tumours codes, with NCI's A to Z list and common-cancer incidence thresholds.
List of countries by hospital beds
Hospital beds by country: inpatient beds per 1,000 people from OECD, World Bank/WHO, and Eurostat data. OECD average 4.2 (2023); Korea 12.6 and Japan 12.5 highest, Mexico 1.0 lowest; EU 507 per 100,000 in 2024.
List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations
The list of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations covers the approvals, emergency authorizations, and WHO emergency use listings granted to COVID-19 vaccines, beginning with the UK's authorization of the Pfizer vaccine in December 2020.
List of deaths due to COVID-19
Deaths due to COVID-19, also called COVID-19 mortality or coronavirus deaths: fatalities attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection, counted via death certificates (ICD-10 U07.1) and excess mortality, with notable early victims including Herman Cain, Manu Dibango, and Roy Horn.
List of deaths from drug overdose and intoxication
Deaths from drug overdose and intoxication, also called acute drug toxicity deaths; covers US CDC statistics (69,973 deaths in 2025), death certification practice, and notable cases such as Prince, Michael Jackson, Mac Miller, and Matthew Perry.