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Lower limb atherosclerosis
Lower limb atherosclerosis is the thickening of artery walls from fatty buildup such as cholesterol in the leg arteries, evaluated and treated as peripheral artery disease.
Lower limb deep vein thrombosis
Lower limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT), also called phlebothrombosis, is a blood clot in a deep leg vein; diagnosed by Wells score, D-dimer, and ultrasound, and treated with at least 3 months of anticoagulation, usually a DOAC.
Lower limb hypertrophy
Lower limb hypertrophy (ORPHA:295051, ICD-11 LB97.3) is a rare genetic, non-syndromic embryonic developmental disorder causing unilateral or bilateral overgrowth of leg bones and/or soft tissues, distinguished from Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome and macrodystrophia lipomatosa.
Lower limb varicose veins
Lower limb varicose veins: dilated, tortuous subcutaneous leg veins with reversed flow from valve incompetence and venous hypertension. Affect up to a third of people; treated by endothermal ablation, foam sclerotherapy, surgery, or compression hosiery.
Lower motor neuron
Lower motor neuron: the cholinergic neurons of the spinal cord ventral horn and brainstem motor nuclei whose axons innervate skeletal muscle; Sherrington's final common pathway, forming motor units, with flaccid weakness, hyporeflexia, fasciculations, and atrophy when damaged.
Lower respiratory tract infection
Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI): infection below the larynx, covering bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and tracheitis. Viral or bacterial; 2.4 million global deaths in 2019; major antimicrobial resistance burden.
Lower segment cesarean section
Lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) is a surgical childbirth procedure delivering the baby through an incision in the lower uterine segment, the standard incision in modern obstetrics.
Lower urinary tract symptoms
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS): storage, voiding, and post-micturition symptoms from bladder, prostate, or urethral disease; affect 50–75% of men over 50; graded by IPSS; managed conservatively, with drugs, or surgery.
Lown–Ganong–Levine syndrome
Lown–Ganong–Levine (LGL) syndrome, or short PR–normal QRS syndrome, a proposed pre-excitation syndrome described in 1952 with PR under 120 ms, normal QRS, no delta wave, and paroxysmal SVT; now considered an outdated diagnosis.
Lowry-Wood syndrome
Lowry-Wood syndrome (OMIM 226960), also called epiphyseal dysplasia-microcephaly-nystagmus syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia caused by biallelic RNU4ATAC variants, with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, microcephaly, short stature, nystagmus, and intellectual disability.
Loxapine
Loxapine (Adasuve, loxapine succinate) is a dibenzoxazepine antipsychotic approved since 1975 for schizophrenia and since 2012 as a single-breath inhaled powder for acute agitation in schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder.
Loxoprofen
Loxoprofen (Loxonin, ロキソニン) is a prodrug NSAID of the propionic acid class used mainly in Japan for pain and inflammation; its trans-alcohol metabolite nonselectively inhibits COX-1 and COX-2.
LP-003
LP-003 (Longbio Pharma) is a humanized anti-IgE monoclonal antibody blocking free IgE binding to FcεRI/CD23, with ~800-fold higher IgE affinity than omalizumab; its seasonal allergic rhinitis BLA was accepted by China's NMPA in 2026.
LP-1
LP-1 (LP1, CVCL_0012, DSMZ ACC 41) is a human multiple myeloma cell line established in 1986 from the peripheral blood of a 56-year-old woman with IgG-lambda myeloma; EBV-negative, CD38-positive, secretes IgG lambda, used in differentiation, pharmacogenomic, and anti-CD38 immunotherapy studies.
LSD
LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide, LSD-25) is a potent semisynthetic ergot hallucinogen synthesized by Albert Hofmann at Sandoz in 1938; Schedule I in the US, acting via 5-HT2A receptors, with effects lasting up to 12 hours.
LST trial
LST trial (NCT03498664), EMR-C vs EMR-S in colonic lateral spreading tumors: Italian randomized trial comparing cap-assisted with standard EMR for LSTs ≥30 mm; EMR-C gave lower residual disease (5.8% vs 31.4%) and fewer adverse events.
Lubiprostone
Lubiprostone (Amitiza) is a ClC-2 chloride channel activator laxative approved by FDA in 2006 for chronic idiopathic constipation, later for IBS-C in women and opioid-induced constipation.
LUCENT 2 trial
The LUCENT 2 trial was a Phase 3 maintenance study of mirikizumab in ulcerative colitis, achieving clinical remission in 49.9% of patients at week 40 versus 25.1% on placebo.
Lucerastat
Lucerastat (ACT-434964, N-butyldeoxygalactonojirimycin) is Idorsia's oral glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor, a substrate reduction therapy for Fabry disease; its Phase 3 MODIFY trial missed the neuropathic pain endpoint but lowered Gb3 biomarkers, and it is not yet approved.
Lucid dream
Lucid dream: a dream in which the sleeper knows they are dreaming, also called klartraum. Verified by eye signals since Hearne's 1975 experiment; occurs in REM sleep; about 55% lifetime prevalence; MILD is the most effective induction technique.
Luciferase immunoprecipitation system assay
The luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) assay is a liquid-phase serological method, published in 2009, that quantifies serum antibodies against a luciferase-tagged antigen without radioisotopes or per-antigen optimization.
Lucile Randon
Lucile Randon, Sister André (Sœur André), French nun and supercentenarian (1904–2023), oldest validated living person 2022–2023; died at 118 years 340 days, the fourth-oldest authenticated person ever and oldest nun documented.
LucoHybrid trial
The LucoHybrid trial (NCT02882880) was a completed clinical trial in Kingston, Ontario, testing the Luco Hybrid OSA Appliance for sleep bruxism and related headaches in 51 adults.
Lucy McBride
Lucy McBride is an American board-certified internist in Washington, D.C. who became a prominent COVID-19 commentator through a newsletter begun in 2020 and the group Urgency of Normal.
Ludwig Guttmann
Sir Ludwig Guttmann (1899–1980), German-born British neurosurgeon, founded the National Spinal Injuries Centre at Stoke Mandeville and the 1948 Stoke Mandeville Games, forerunner of the Paralympic Games.
Ludwig's angina
Ludwig's angina (submandibular space infection) is a rapidly spreading, life-threatening cellulitis of the floor of the mouth, usually from lower molar dental infection, first described by Wilhelm von Ludwig in 1836, with airway compromise as the main danger.
Lufotrelvir
Lufotrelvir (PF-07304814) is Pfizer's intravenous phosphate prodrug of the SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease inhibitor PF-00835231, the first Mpro inhibitor in COVID-19 clinical trials and the IV analogue that led to oral nirmatrelvir; its phase 3 program was discontinued.
Lugaro cell
Lugaro cell, or fusiform cell of Lugaro: a GABAergic/glycinergic inhibitory interneuron of the cerebellar cortex, first described by Ernesto Lugaro in 1894 in cat; fusiform soma under the Purkinje cell layer, inhibits Golgi and molecular layer interneurons.
Lugol's iodine
Lugol's iodine, also called Lugol's solution, is an aqueous solution of iodine and potassium iodide developed in 1829 by Jean Lugol, used to lower thyroid hormone levels in Graves' disease.
Lujan-Fryns syndrome
Lujan-Fryns syndrome (Lujan syndrome, X-linked intellectual disability with marfanoid habitus, OMIM 309520): rare X-linked recessive MED12-related disorder in males with mild-to-moderate intellectual disability, marfanoid tall stature, distinct facial dysmorphism, hypernasal speech, and psychiatric problems.