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Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system, also called the lymphoid system, is the network of vessels, nodes, and organs that returns lymph to the bloodstream, filtering pathogens and supporting immunity.
Lymphatic transport of nanoparticles
Lymphatic transport of nanoparticles is the movement of engineered particles injected into tissues into lymphatic vessels and draining nodes, governed chiefly by particle size, enabling vaccine and immunotherapy delivery.
Lymphatic vessel
Lymphatic vessel (lymphangion network): thin-walled tubules carrying lymph, returning 8–12 L of interstitial fluid daily without a central pump via initial and collecting lymphatics, valves, and the thoracic duct.
Lymphatic-venous malformation
Lymphatic-venous malformation, also called venolymphatic malformation, is a congenital low-flow vascular malformation combining lymphatic and venous vessels in one lesion, most often in the head and neck.
Lymphaticovenular anastomosis
Lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) is a minimally invasive microsurgical operation connecting sub-1 mm lymphatic vessels to small veins so lymph drains into the bloodstream, a physiologic treatment for lymphedema.
Lymphedema
Lymphedema is a chronic swelling, usually of a limb, caused by fluid buildup when the lymphatic system fails to drain it, affecting up to 250 million people worldwide.
Lymphedema-atrial septal defects-facial changes syndrome
Lymphedema-atrial septal defects-facial changes syndrome, also known as Irons-Bhan syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder marked by leg lymphedema, an atrial septal defect, and distinctive facial features.
Lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome
Lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome (LDS), also called distichiasis-lymphedema syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant FOXC2-related disorder combining pubertal lower-limb lymphedema with extra eyelashes from meibomian glands, plus varicose veins, ptosis, and heart defects.
Lymphocele
Lymphocele: a fibrous-walled, non-epithelialized collection of lymph caused by lymphatic injury, usually after pelvic, vascular, or transplant surgery; incidence 8–48%, treated by drainage, sclerotherapy, or marsupialization.
Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis
Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis, the most common form of sporotrichosis (rose gardener's disease), is a Sporothrix fungal infection following skin inoculation, producing ascending nodular lymphangitis; treated with itraconazole 200 mg daily for 3–6 months.
Lymphocyte Activation
Lymphocyte activation: B and T cells triggered through antigen-specific receptors (BCR, TCR), requiring signal 1 plus costimulatory signal 2 (two-signal model, Bretscher and Cohn 1970), leading to proliferation, cytokine release, and differentiation into plasma, memory, or cytotoxic effector cells.
Lymphocyte Count
Lymphocyte count: the number of lymphocytes in blood, reported as a differential percentage (normally 20-40%) or absolute count (ALC). Low or falling ALC predicts mortality in critical illness and sepsis; ranges decline with age.
Lymphocyte Depletion
Lymphocyte depletion (lymphodepletion) is immunosuppression by reducing circulating lymphocytes or depleting T cells from marrow, used in transplantation, autoimmune disease, and CAR-T conditioning, with infection, IRIS, and autoimmunity risks.
Lymphocyte transformation test
The lymphocyte transformation test is an in vitro blood assay measuring lymphocyte proliferation after stimulation with an antigen or suspected drug, used to diagnose delayed drug hypersensitivity.
Lymphocyte Transfusion
Lymphocyte transfusion, chiefly donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), transfers donor lymphocytes to a stem cell transplant recipient to treat relapse via the graft-versus-leukemia effect; main risk is graft-versus-host disease.
Lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin lymphoma
Lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin lymphoma is the rarest subtype of classical Hodgkin lymphoma, marked by abundant Reed–Sternberg cells, and is overrepresented in people with HIV and older adults.
Lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin lymphoma (LRCHL) is a rare subtype of classical Hodgkin lymphoma, about 4% of cases, typically affecting middle-aged men and often caught at early stage with excellent survival.
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM), caused by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), an Old World arenavirus of the house mouse Mus musculus; mild flu-like illness in healthy people, fatal disease in immunocompromised people and fetuses.
Lymphocytic colitis
Lymphocytic colitis, a subtype of microscopic colitis with collagenous colitis, causes chronic watery diarrhea with a normal-appearing colon; diagnosis requires biopsies showing ≥20 intraepithelial lymphocytes per 100 enterocytes, and budesonide is first-line treatment.
Lymphocytic gastritis
Lymphocytic gastritis is a rare chronic gastritis in which T lymphocytes build up in the stomach lining, most often linked to celiac disease or Helicobacter pylori infection.
Lymphocytic mastitis
Lymphocytic mastitis, also called diabetic mastopathy or sclerosing lymphocytic lobulitis (ORPHA:653698), is a rare benign fibroinflammatory breast disease with B-cell lobulitis and keloid-like fibrosis, mainly in long-standing type 1 diabetes, mimicking carcinoma.
Lymphocytoma cutis
Lymphocytoma cutis, also called cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia or Spiegler-Fendt sarcoid, is a rare benign cutaneous B-cell pseudolymphoma mimicking lymphoma; causes include Borrelia infection, drugs, tattoos, and bites.
Lymphocytopenia
Lymphocytopenia (lymphopenia): abnormally low blood lymphocyte count, below 1,000–1,500/µL in adults. Causes include viral infection, COVID-19, steroids, chemotherapy, HIV, sepsis, and idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia.
Lymphoedema due to lymphatic filariasis
Lymphoedema due to lymphatic filariasis: chronic limb swelling from Wuchereria bancrofti or Brugia worms, a chronic LF manifestation affecting over 15 million people, managed with hygiene-based self-care.
Lymphoepithelial cyst of the pancreas
Lymphoepithelial cyst of the pancreas (pancreatic LEC), a rare benign true cyst lined by squamous epithelium with lymphoid tissue, first described 1985, mostly in men, mimicking cystic neoplasms.
Lymphoepithelial-like carcinoma
Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC), also called lymphoepithelial carcinoma, is a rare undifferentiated epithelial tumor with dense lymphoid stroma resembling nasopharyngeal carcinoma; often EBV-associated, arising in lung, salivary glands, skin, stomach, and urinary tract, with high PD-L1 expression in pulmonary cases.
Lymphogranuloma venereum
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV, Durand–Nicolas–Favre disease) is a systemic STI caused by invasive Chlamydia trachomatis serovars L1–L3, presenting as proctocolitis in MSM or inguinal buboes, treated with 21 days of doxycycline.
Lymphography
Lymphography, also known as lymphangiography, is an imaging technique that opacifies lymphatic vessels and nodes by injecting contrast agent, diagnosing obstruction, metastases, lymphoma, and leaks.
Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia
Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia) is a rare interstitial lung disease with dense polyclonal lymphoid infiltration of alveolar septa, usually secondary to Sjögren's disease, immunodeficiency, or HIV, rarely idiopathic; treated with corticosteroids, median survival about 11.5 years.
Lymphoid leukemia
Lymphoid leukemia: cancers of lymphoid blood cells, chiefly acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL, same disease as SLL); ALL peaks in young children, CLL in the elderly; treated with chemotherapy, targeted TKIs, venetoclax, and immunotherapy.