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Mass drug administration
Mass drug administration (MDA) is the delivery of a full drug course to an entire population regardless of symptoms or infection, central to neglected tropical disease control.
Mass Screening
Mass screening (population screening): large-scale testing of asymptomatic whole populations for disease, defined by WHO and the 1968 Wilson-Jungner principles; distinct from selective and opportunistic screening, with benefits limited by overdiagnosis and false positives.
Mass vaccination
Mass vaccination, also called mass immunization, is the delivery of vaccines to a large number of people in a short time, used to raise herd immunity during outbreaks.
Massachusetts Department of Public Health
The Massachusetts Department of Public Health is the state agency responsible for promoting health and preventing illness, working alongside 351 autonomous city and town health departments.
Massachusetts General Hospital
Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School founded 1811, third oldest US hospital, founding member of Mass General Brigham, largest US hospital-based research program, site of the 1846 anesthesia demonstration.
Massage
Massage, also called massage therapy or body massage, is the hands-on manipulation of the body's soft tissues, practiced for thousands of years to ease pain and enhance wellness.
Masseter muscle
Masseter muscle: quadrangular masticatory muscle from zygomatic arch to mandibular angle; elevates and protrudes the jaw; innervated by masseteric nerve (V3); hypertrophy from bruxism is treated with botulinum toxin.
Massive transfusion protocol
A massive transfusion protocol (MTP) is a standardized clinical pathway for rapidly delivering predefined quantities of blood products to patients with severe hemorrhage, such as trauma.
Mast cell activation syndrome
Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), also called mast cell activation disorder, is a condition of episodic systemic mast cell mediator release causing multi-organ anaphylaxis-like symptoms; diagnosis requires symptoms in two or more organ systems, a tryptase rise of 20% plus 2 ng/mL over baseline, and response to anti-mediator therapy.
Mast cell leukemia
Mast cell leukemia (MCL), also called mast cell leukaemia, is the rarest, most aggressive subtype of advanced systemic mastocytosis, defined by ≥20% immature mast cells in bone marrow, KIT mutations, median survival about 1.5 years, treated with midostaurin, avapritinib, or transplant.
Mast cell sarcoma
Mast cell sarcoma (MCS), also called malignant mast cell tumor, is an exceedingly rare, aggressive mastocytosis variant: a destructive solid tumor of atypical CD117/tryptase-positive mast cells, often in bone, with median survival under 18 months and frequent KIT non-D816V mutations.
Mastectomy
Mastectomy: surgery removing the entire breast, including tissue, nipple, areola, and skin, to treat or prevent breast cancer. Types include total, modified radical, radical, skin-sparing, and nipple-sparing; survival equals breast-conserving surgery for early disease.
Master Cleanse
Master Cleanse, or Lemonade Diet: a 10-plus-day liquid fast of lemon juice, maple syrup, cayenne pepper, and water, created by Stanley Burroughs in the 1940s; no scientific evidence supports its detox claims.
Master protocol
A master protocol is a single clinical trial protocol with multiple substudies evaluating one or more drugs in one or more diseases, including umbrella, basket, and platform trials.
Masters and Johnson
Masters and Johnson: William H. Masters and Virginia E. Johnson, St. Louis sex researchers who observed nearly 10,000 sexual acts, defined the four-phase sexual response cycle, and founded sex therapy.
Mastitis
Mastitis, breast inflammation with or without infection, mainly lactational (puerperal) mastitis; affects up to 10% of US women, usually first 3 months postpartum; treated with ice, NSAIDs, sometimes antibiotics.
Mastocytosis
Mastocytosis, including systemic mastocytosis (SM), is a rare clonal mast cell disorder driven by KIT D816V in about 90-95% of cases, classified by WHO 2022 into six subtypes from indolent SM to mast cell leukemia, treated with antimediator or KIT-inhibitor therapy.
Mastodynia
Mastodynia (mastalgia, breast pain) is the symptom of breast pain, ICD-11 GB23.5, cyclic or noncyclical; affects up to 70-80% of women, rarely cancer (0-3% without other findings), treated with reassurance, fitted bras, and NSAIDs.
Mastoid part of the temporal bone
Mastoid part of the temporal bone: posterior temporal bone region containing the mastoid process and mastoid air cells; pneumatizes from the petrous part, serves as a middle-ear air reservoir, and is the site of mastoiditis and mastoidectomy.
Mastoidectomy
A mastoidectomy is a temporal bone operation that opens the mastoid air cells behind the ear to eradicate infection or cholesteatoma and to reach deeper ear structures.
Mastoiditis
Mastoiditis is a bacterial infection of the mastoid air cells, usually complicating acute otitis media in young children. Key signs are postauricular swelling with pinna displacement; treated with IV ceftriaxone, sometimes mastoidectomy.
Mastopexy
Mastopexy is a surgical procedure that lifts and reshapes a sagging breast by removing excess skin and repositioning the nipple while preserving breast volume, sometimes combined with implants.
Masupirdine
Masupirdine (SUVN-502) is Suven Life Sciences' investigational 5-HT6 receptor antagonist, failed a Phase 2 Alzheimer's cognition trial, and is now in a 375-patient Phase 3 trial for agitation in Alzheimer's dementia.
MATCH study
MATCH (NCT04572568) is a nationwide prospective registry of brain arteriovenous malformations led by Beijing Tiantan Hospital, enrolling about 4,000 patients across 52 Chinese hospitals since 2011 to study natural history, hemorrhage predictors, and multimodality treatment outcomes.
Maternal Age
Maternal age is the mother's age at delivery; advanced maternal age means 35 or older. US mean age at childbirth rose to 29.5 years (2022); older age raises aneuploidy, miscarriage, stillbirth, and cesarean risks.
Maternal bond
Maternal bond: the mother's emotional connection to her child, distinct from infant attachment. Measured by tools like the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire; rooted in oxytocin and dopamine systems; disrupted by postpartum depression.
Maternal care for disproportion
Maternal care for disproportion (ICD-11 JA83; ICD-10 O33) covers care when the fetus is known or suspected too large for the maternal pelvis (cephalopelvic disproportion), its subtypes, diagnosis by trial of labor, and management.
Maternal death
Maternal death: death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of pregnancy's end from pregnancy-related causes, measured as the MMR per 100,000 live births; global MMR fell from 328 (2000) to 197 (2023), with about 260,000 deaths in 2023.
Maternal health
Maternal health covers women's health during pregnancy, childbirth and the postnatal period. Global MMR fell 40% to 197 per 100,000 live births in 2023, with 260,000 deaths, versus SDG target 70.
Maternal hypotension syndrome
Maternal hypotension syndrome (ICD-11 JA65.6), chiefly supine hypotensive syndrome: gravid-uterus compression of the inferior vena cava when lying supine in late pregnancy, causing hypotension in about 8% of third-trimester pregnancies, relieved by left lateral tilt.