Human health and medicine

Maxillectomy

Maxillectomy is a surgical operation to remove all or part of the maxilla, the upper jaw bone, performed mainly to treat maxillary sinus and nasal cavity tumors.

Maxillofacial prosthesis: artificial replacement of missing facial or intraoral structures (eye, ear, nose, palate, maxilla) after surgery, trauma, or congenital defect; mainly silicone and acrylic resin, increasingly CAD/CAM and 3D printed, retained by implants, adhesives, or teeth.

Maxillomandibular advancement

Maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) is a skeletal surgery for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in which the upper and lower jaws are moved forward to enlarge the pharyngeal airway.

Maxillomandibular fixation

Maxillomandibular fixation, also called intermaxillary fixation, is a surgical technique that wires or binds the upper and lower teeth together to hold the jaw immobile while facial fractures heal.

Maxillonasal dysplasia

Maxillonasal dysplasia, also called Binder syndrome (maxillonasal dysostosis, OMIM 155050), is a rare congenital midfacial hypoplasia of the premaxilla and nose, with absent anterior nasal spine, class III malocclusion, cervical spine anomalies, and vitamin K-related phenocopies.

Maximal Expiratory Flow Rate

Maximal expiratory flow rate (MEFR), also known as FEF 200-1200, is a spirometric index measuring airflow over the first liter of a forced expiration, effort dependent and now rarely reported routinely.

Maximal Expiratory Flow-Volume Curves

Maximal expiratory flow-volume curves (MEFV) plot expiratory flow in L/s against lung volume during a forced vital capacity maneuver, revealing obstructive, restrictive, and upper airway obstruction patterns in spirometry.

Oct 20, 2026

Maximal Midexpiratory Flow Rate

Maximal midexpiratory flow rate (MMEF, FEF25–75%) is a spirometric index: mean expiratory flow over the middle half of FVC, historically linked to small airways disease but poorly reproducible and not recommended for routine reporting.

Maximal Respiratory Pressures

Maximal respiratory pressures (MIP/PImax, MEP/PEmax) are noninvasive bedside tests of respiratory muscle strength in cmH2O, used in neuromuscular disease monitoring, weaning assessment, and interpreted against age- and sex-specific reference values.

Maximilian F. Reiser

Maximilian F. Reiser is a German radiologist who directed the Institute for Clinical Radiology at LMU Munich from 1993 to 2017 and served as medical faculty dean.

Maximum heart rate

Maximum heart rate is the highest heart rate a person can reach during maximal exertion, which declines with age and is predicted by formulas like 220 minus age.

Maximum intensity projection

Maximum intensity projection (MIP) is a volume rendering technique that projects the brightest voxel value along each viewing ray onto a 2D image, standard for CT and MR angiography.

Maximum tolerated dose

The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is the highest dose of a drug that can be given without unacceptable toxicity, historically the target of phase I oncology dose-escalation trials.

May–Thurner syndrome

May–Thurner syndrome, also called Cockett syndrome, is a vascular condition in which the left iliac vein is compressed, causing left leg swelling and deep vein thrombosis.

Mayo Clinic

Mayo Clinic, also called the Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, is a nonprofit academic medical center in Rochester, Minnesota, with Arizona and Florida campuses, founded in 1864 by William Worrall Mayo, serving 1.3 million patients yearly.

Mayra Rosales

Mayra Rosales, one of the world's heaviest women at about 1,100 pounds, was charged in 2009 with her nephew's murder but was cleared, then lost over 800 pounds.

Mazabraud syndrome

Mazabraud syndrome, also called myxoma with fibrous dysplasia, is a rare GNAS-related disorder combining fibrous dysplasia of bone with intramuscular myxomas, usually polyostotic, adult-onset, prevalence under 1 in 1,000,000.

Mazdutide

Mazdutide (IBI362, LY3305677; brand XinErMei) is a once-weekly GLP-1/glucagon receptor dual agonist by Eli Lilly and Innovent, first approved in China in 2025 for obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Mazindol

Mazindol (Sanorex, Mazanor) is a non-amphetamine tetracyclic anorectic developed by Sandoz, FDA-approved for obesity in 1973 and withdrawn from US/EU markets in 1999; still approved in Mexico, Argentina, and Japan, and repurposed for narcolepsy, ADHD, and idiopathic hypersomnia.

McBurney's point

McBurney's point is the abdominal surface landmark at the junction of the lateral and middle thirds of the umbilicus-to-right-ASIS line, described by Charles McBurney in 1889 as the site of maximal tenderness in acute appendicitis.

McCaughey septuplets

The McCaughey septuplets, born 1997, in Des Moines, Iowa, to Bobbi and Kenny McCaughey, were the first septuplets to survive infancy, conceived via fertility drugs after the parents refused selective reduction.

McDonald criteria

The McDonald criteria are the international diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis, combining clinical attacks with MRI evidence of lesions disseminated in space and time, introduced in 2001.

McGill University Health Centre

McGill University Health Centre (MUHC/CUSM), Montreal academic health network affiliated with McGill University, formed 1997 by merger of five hospitals; Glen site opened 2015; tertiary and quaternary care, 17,000+ staff, four hospitals.

McKeown esophagectomy

The McKeown esophagectomy is a three-incision operation removing the esophagus through neck, chest, and abdomen, rebuilding continuity with a stomach tube, used mainly for esophageal cancer.

McKesson Corporation

McKesson Corporation (NYSE: MCK), founded 1833 as Olcott & McKesson, is an Irving, Texas-based pharmaceutical distributor and healthcare services company; one of the big three US drug wholesalers, with fiscal 2026 revenue of $403.4 billion and major opioid settlements.

McKusick-Kaufman syndrome

McKusick-Kaufman syndrome (MKS, hydrometrocolpos syndrome), MKKS/BBS6-related autosomal recessive ciliopathy first described in the Amish: postaxial polydactyly, congenital heart disease, hydrometrocolpos; distinguished from Bardet-Biedl syndrome by absence of retinal, obesity, and developmental features.