25,729 articles
Molecular immunology
Molecular Immunology (ISSN 0161-5890) is an Elsevier peer-reviewed immunology journal founded in 1979, continuing Immunochemistry, covering cellular, biochemical, and genetic mechanisms of immunity; Impact Factor 3.700 (2025), Q2 in Immunology.
Molecular pharmacology
Molecular pharmacology: study of molecular actions and interactions of drugs, rooted in receptor theory (Langley, 1905); also the ASPET journal Molecular Pharmacology (Mol Pharmacol), founded July 1965, ISSN 0026-895X.
Molecular Psychiatry
Molecular Psychiatry (Mol Psychiatry) is a monthly Springer Nature peer-reviewed journal founded in 1996 by Julio Licinio and Ma-Li Wong, covering biological mechanisms of psychiatric disorders; 2025 impact factor 10.4, ISSN 1359-4184.
Molecular Typing
Molecular typing, or pathogen DNA fingerprinting, identifies microbial strains by genetic material to distinguish outbreak from nonoutbreak strains; methods span PFGE, MLST, cgMLST, and whole-genome sequencing.
Molgramostim
Molgramostim (Molgradex, Leucomax) is an E. coli-derived recombinant human GM-CSF, inhaled 300 µg daily for autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis; positive IMPALA and IMPALA-2 trials, not FDA-approved.
Molindone
Molindone (SPN-810) is a dihydroindolone first-generation antipsychotic approved in 1974 for schizophrenia, known for causing weight loss rather than gain, akathisia, MAO inhibition, and no longer being manufactured.
Molluscum contagiosum
Molluscum contagiosum (MCV, a poxvirus skin infection): umbilicated 2–5 mm papules in children and adults, spread by skin contact, fomites, and wet environments; self-limiting in 6 months to 2 years; imiquimod abandoned, cantharidin and berdazimer now FDA-approved.
Molly Cooke
Molly Cooke is an American professor of medicine at UCSF, a practicing internist, and a leader in medical education reform elected to the National Academy of Medicine.
Molly Joel Coye
Molly Joel Coye is an American physician and health-system innovator, a former state health director in New Jersey and California elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 1994.
Molnupiravir
Molnupiravir (EIDD-2801, MK-4482, Lagevrio) is an oral antiviral prodrug of NHC that treats COVID-19 by lethal mutagenesis of SARS-CoV-2 via the viral RdRp, causing G-to-A and C-to-U transitions.
MOLT-4
MOLT-4 (CVCL_0013, ATCC CRL-1582) is a human T lymphoblast leukemia cell line established in 1971 from a 19-year-old man with ALL in relapse, sister line of MOLT-3; a standard T-ALL and HIV research model in the NCI-60 panel.
Molybdenum deficiency
Molybdenum deficiency, impairment of molybdenum-dependent enzymes such as sulfite oxidase; dietary deficiency has never been observed in healthy humans, with one 1981 parenteral-nutrition case and the rare genetic molybdenum cofactor deficiency.
Momelotinib
Momelotinib (OJJAARA, Omjjara) is an oral JAK1/JAK2/ACVR1 inhibitor approved in 2023 for intermediate- or high-risk myelofibrosis with anemia, distinguished from other JAK inhibitors by improving hemoglobin and transfusion independence via hepcidin suppression.
MOMO syndrome
MOMO syndrome (OMIM 157980) is an ultra-rare genetic overgrowth/obesity syndrome first described in 1993, defined by macrocephaly, obesity, intellectual disability, and ocular abnormalities such as retinal coloboma; only about eight cases are reported and its genetic cause is unknown.
MOMS trial (NCT00060606)
MOMS (NCT00060606), the Management of Myelomeningocele Study, a NICHD-funded US randomized trial at CHOP, Vanderbilt, and UCSF; 183 women showed prenatal spina bifida repair cut shunting (40% vs 82%) and improved walking, with higher preterm birth risk.
MONALEESA-2 trial
A phase 3 Novartis trial showing ribociclib plus letrozole as first-line treatment for HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer extended median overall survival to 63.9 months.
Monalizumab
Monalizumab (IPH2201), Innate Pharma's humanized IgG4 anti-NKG2A checkpoint antibody partnered with AstraZeneca; Phase II head and neck cancer response of 31% with cetuximab, but the Phase III INTERLINK-1 trial met futility.
monarchE trial
monarchE (NCT03155997) is a phase III trial showing adjuvant abemaciclib plus endocrine therapy improves invasive disease-free survival in HR+, HER2−, node-positive, high-risk early breast cancer; basis for 2021 FDA approval.
Mondor disease
Mondor disease, also Mondor's disease, is a rare self-limited superficial thrombophlebitis of the chest wall, penis, or axilla, first described by Henri Mondor in 1939, presenting as a painful cord.
Mongolian spot
Mongolian spot, or congenital dermal melanocytosis, slate grey nevus: a benign blue-gray birthmark of newborns on the lower back and buttocks, affecting over 90% of East Asian infants, fading in early childhood, and often mistaken for bruising.
Monilethrix
Monilethrix (beaded hair) is a rare genetic hair shaft disorder, usually autosomal dominant via KRT81, KRT83, or KRT86 mutations, causing fragile beaded hair and patchy alopecia from early childhood.
Monoamine neurotoxin
A monoamine neurotoxin is a chemical agent that selectively kills monoamine-producing neurons, used in laboratory animals to model Parkinson's disease, chiefly 6-OHDA, MPTP, rotenone, and paraquat.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are antidepressants blocking MAO-A/MAO-B, raising serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Pioneered by iproniazid in the 1950s; known for the tyramine 'cheese reaction' and use in treatment-resistant depression.
Monobenzone
Monobenzone (Benoquin, monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone) is a topical depigmenting drug, the only FDA-approved agent for final depigmentation in extensive vitiligo, approved 1952, now de-listed and obtained via compounding.
Monoclonal antibody
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs): identical antibodies made by hybridomas, invented by Köhler and Milstein in 1975, honored by the 1984 Nobel Prize; first therapeutic OKT3 (1986), landmark cancer drug rituximab (1997).
Monoclonal antibody therapy
Monoclonal antibody therapy is a treatment approach using laboratory-produced antibodies, each clone sharing a single antigen-binding specificity, to treat cancer, autoimmune disorders, transplant rejection, and infections.
Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis
Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) is an asymptomatic clonal B-cell expansion below 5 × 10⁹/L without lymphoproliferative features, coined in 2005; low-count (<0.5 × 10⁹/L) rarely progresses, high-count progresses to CLL at 1–2% yearly.
Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance
Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS): kidney damage from a nephrotoxic monoclonal immunoglobulin produced by a small B cell or plasma cell clone not meeting malignancy treatment criteria; diagnosed by kidney biopsy, treated with clone-directed therapy.
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is an asymptomatic plasma cell precursor condition with serum M protein under 3 g/dL, under 10% marrow plasma cells, about 1% yearly progression risk to myeloma, and no treatment, only monitoring.
Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease
Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease (MIDD), including LCDD, HCDD, and LHCDD, is an MGRS kidney disease with nonorganized Randall-type immunoglobulin chain deposits, treated by clone-directed chemotherapy.