25,729 articles
Neuromuscular-blocking drug
Neuromuscular-blocking drugs (muscle relaxants, NMBAs) interrupt nerve-to-muscle signaling at the neuromuscular junction. Depolarizing succinylcholine and nondepolarizing agents such as rocuronium, vecuronium, and atracurium enable intubation, surgical relaxation, and ventilation, reversed by neostigmine or sugammadex.
Neuromusculoskeletal modeling
Neuromusculoskeletal modeling is a computational approach that simulates the coupled dynamics of the nervous system, muscles, and skeleton to estimate muscle forces, joint moments, and movement.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD, Devic disease) is a rare relapsing autoimmune astrocytopathy of the CNS driven by AQP4-IgG in over 80% of cases, diagnosed by 2015 IPND criteria and treated with methylprednisolone, plasma exchange, and approved biologics.
Neuromyotonia
Neuromyotonia, also called Isaacs' syndrome or acquired autoimmune neuromyotonia, is a peripheral nerve hyperexcitability disorder with continuous muscle fiber activity, CASPR2/VGKC antibodies, thymoma association, EMG neuromyotonic discharges, and Morvan syndrome as its CNS variant.
Neuronal calcium sensor
Neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) proteins, also called neuronal Ca2+-sensor proteins, are a 14-gene mammalian family of EF-hand calcium-binding proteins in neurons and photoreceptors, including NCS-1, recoverin, GCAPs, KChIPs, VILIPs, hippocalcin, and neurocalcin-δ.
Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease
Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a rare progressive neurodegenerative disease with eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions, caused by GGC repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC; tremor, dementia, and a DWI U-fiber MRI sign are typical.
Neuronal migration
Neuronal migration is the process by which newborn neurons travel from their birthplace to their final positions, using radial routes along glial fibers and tangential routes.
Neuronal System
Neuronal System (Reactome R-HSA-112316) is a top-level human pathway in the Reactome database covering electrical and chemical synaptic transmission, potassium channels, and synaptic protein interactions, with 416 genes in release 97.
Neuronal tracing
Neuronal tracing, also called axonal tracing, is a set of neuroanatomical techniques that label axon paths with chemical probes or viruses to visualize how neurons connect.
NeuroNames
NeuroNames: University of Washington neuroanatomical nomenclature and ontology behind BrainInfo, giving unique standard names, synonyms, and hierarchies for brain structures; UMLS vocabulary and basis of NIFSTD brain regions.
Neuronavigation
Neuronavigation is a neurosurgical technique that tracks surgical instruments against preoperative brain images using optical, electromagnetic, or ultrasonic sensors, used mainly for tumors, epilepsy, and spine surgery.
Neurooculocardiogenitourinary syndrome
Neurooculocardiogenitourinary syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by variants in the WDR37 gene, first described in 2019, marked by seizures, brain malformations, eye defects, and poor growth.
Neuropathic arthropathy
Neuropathic arthropathy, also called Charcot arthropathy or Charcot joint, is a rapidly destructive joint disease caused by loss of pain sensation, most often from diabetes.
Neuropathic pain
Neuropathic pain: pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system (IASP definition). First-line drugs are TCAs, SNRIs, pregabalin, and gabapentin per NeuPSIG; opioids are third-line.
Neuropediatrics
Neuropediatrics (Neuropädiatrie) is a German bimonthly peer-reviewed pediatric neurology journal published by Thieme in Stuttgart since 1980, official organ of the Society for Neuropediatrics, MEDLINE-indexed, impact factor 1.3.
Neuropeptide Y
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino acid peptide neurotransmitter and hormone, one of the most abundant in the mammalian brain, that regulates feeding, stress responses, and cardiovascular function.
Neuropeptides
Neuropeptides: endogenous peptide signaling molecules acting as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and hormones; distinct from the Elsevier journal Neuropeptides (ISSN 0143-4179, launched 1980, JIF 2.7).
Neuropharmacology
Neuropharmacology: branch of pharmacology studying drug interactions with the central and peripheral nervous systems; covers neurotransmitter mechanisms, drug classes (antidepressants, antipsychotics, antiepileptics), the blood-brain barrier, and emerging precision and AI-driven CNS therapies.
Neurophysiological monitoring
Neurophysiological monitoring is the continuous measurement of nervous system function to diagnose disorders and protect neural pathways during surgery, using EEG, EMG, and evoked potentials.
Neurophysiology
Neurophysiology is the branch of physiology studying nervous system function, from ion channels and action potentials to synaptic transmission and behavior. Key landmarks: Galvani's animal electricity, the 1952 Hodgkin-Huxley model, and clinical tools such as EEG and EMG.
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity (neural plasticity, brain plasticity): the nervous system's lifelong ability to reorganize structure, function, and connections, via synaptic and structural change, critical periods, and post-injury recovery.
Neuroprotection
Neuroprotection is any strategy that interrupts or slows the biochemical events leading to irreversible death of nerve cells, studied in stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative disease.
Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus
Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE): 19 ACR-defined CNS and PNS syndromes in SLE, affecting roughly one-third of patients, driven by inflammatory and thrombotic mechanisms, treated with immunosuppression or antithrombotics.
Neuropsychologia
Neuropsychologia is an Elsevier peer-reviewed journal founded in 1963, the first with "neuropsychologia" in its name, publishing experimental and theoretical studies linking brain function to human cognition, with editors from Hécaen to Mick Rugg.
Neuropsychological rehabilitation
Neuropsychological rehabilitation: clinical restoration and compensation of cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and psychosocial impairments after acquired brain injury; uses ICF outcomes, goal-based strategy training, and combined cognitive-psychological interventions (g = 0.42).
Neuroradiography
Neuroradiography is the radiography of the central nervous system, indexed by MeSH D009485, which uses classic X-ray techniques and modern practice extending into computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
Neuroradiology
Neuroradiology: medical specialty interpreting brain, spine, and head-and-neck imaging (CT, MRI, angiography) plus interventional treatment; journals include Neuroradiology, AJNR, Journal of Neuroradiology; Taveras regarded as its father.
NeuroRehabilitation
NeuroRehabilitation is a peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary journal on neurologic rehabilitation, founded 1991, published by IOS Press then SAGE from 2025, ISSN 1053-8135, indexed in MEDLINE.
Neuroreport
Neuroreport (NeuroReport), ISSN 0959-4965, is a peer-reviewed rapid-communication neuroscience journal founded in 1990, published 18 times a year by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and indexed in MEDLINE since its first issue.
Neuroretinitis
Neuroretinitis: inflammation of the optic nerve and peripapillary retina causing vision loss, disc swelling, and a macular star; most often caused by Bartonella henselae (cat-scratch disease), with about half of cases idiopathic.