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Niemann-Pick disease type C
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC, NPCD) is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by NPC1 (95%) or NPC2 mutations, impairing intracellular cholesterol transport; it causes age-dependent ataxia, dementia, and early death, treated with miglustat, arimoclomol, and levacetylleucine.
Niemann–Pick disease
Niemann-Pick disease (NPD), also called sphingomyelinase deficiency, is a group of autosomal recessive lysosomal lipid storage disorders: types A/B from SMPD1 acid sphingomyelinase deficiency and type C from NPC1/NPC2 cholesterol-transport defects, treated with olipudase alfa, miglustat, arimoclomol, and levacetylleucine.
Nifedipine
Nifedipine, a first-generation Bayer dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (Adalat, Procardia), treats hypertension and angina; extended-release forms are preferred in pregnancy, immediate-release capsules are not for long-term use.
Nifekalant
Nifekalant (MS-551) is a class III antiarrhythmic drug, a selective IKr (HERG) potassium-channel blocker approved in Japan in 1999 for ventricular tachyarrhythmias and shock-resistant VF; used only in Japan, with QT prolongation and torsades de pointes as its main risk.
Niflumic Acid
Niflumic acid (NFA) is a fenamate-class NSAID acting by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, used clinically for pain and inflammation and in research as a chloride channel blocker.
NIfTI
NIfTI (Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative) is a file format for storing neuroimaging data, developed by a National Institutes of Health working group in the early 2000s.
Nifuroxazide
Nifuroxazide (Ercefuryl) is an oral nitrofuran intestinal antiinfective antibiotic, ATC A07AX03, C12H9N3O5, CAS 965-52-6, used for colitis and diarrhea, with STAT3/JAK2 activity and EMA-noted possible mutagenic potential.
Night terror
Night terror (sleep terror, pavor nocturnus): a non-REM parasomnia of screaming and thrashing from deep slow-wave sleep, mainly in children aged 3-10, with no morning recall, distinct from nightmares and sleep paralysis.
Night vision
Night vision: low-light seeing mediated by rod photoreceptors and rhodopsin, restored through slow dark adaptation and the RPE visual cycle; vitamin A deficiency, Oguchi disease, and AMD delay it.
Nightmare
Nightmare: an extended, extremely dysphoric dream, usually in REM sleep; nightmare disorder affects 3.5-8.3% of adults. Treated with imagery rehearsal therapy and prazosin.
Nightmare disorder
Nightmare disorder, a DSM-5 and ICSD-3 REM sleep parasomnia, involves recurrent distressing nightmares causing impairment. Treated with imagery rehearsal therapy and prazosin; often drug-induced or PTSD-associated.
Nigrostriatal pathway
Nigrostriatal pathway: dopaminergic tract from the substantia nigra pars compacta (A9) to the dorsal striatum (caudate and putamen), governing motor control and associative learning; its degeneration causes Parkinson's disease, and it also contributes to reward.
Nihilistic delusion
A nihilistic delusion is the belief that one's self, part of the body, or the whole world no longer exists, ranging from lost organs to believing one is already dead.
Nijmegen breakage syndrome
Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS, AT-V1, Berlin breakage syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive NBN/nibrin DNA-repair disorder with microcephaly, immunodeficiency, radiosensitivity, and lymphoid malignancy risk.
Nijmegen breakage syndrome-like disorder
Nijmegen breakage syndrome-like disorder (NBSLD, RAD50 deficiency, OMIM 613078) is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive RAD50-related chromosomal instability syndrome with microcephaly, growth restriction, and radiosensitivity but no immunodeficiency.
NIK deficiency
NIK deficiency (primary immunodeficiency with multifaceted aberrant lymphoid immunity; OMIM 620449) is a rare autosomal recessive combined immunodeficiency from biallelic MAP3K14 mutations, causing B and NK lymphopenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, absent lymph nodes, and severe recurrent infections.
Nilavembu Kudineer
Nilavembu Kudineer (நிலவேம்பு குடிநீர்), or Nilavembu Kashayam, is a nine-herb Siddha decoction based on Andrographis paniculata, used in Tamil Nadu against dengue, chikungunya, and COVID-19 fevers.
Nilibhrngadi taila
Nilibhrngadi taila (Nīlībhṛṅgādi), or Neelibringadi Thailam, is a classical Ayurvedic medicated hair oil of sesame oil, four herb juices, and four milks, listed in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India for scalp massage against hair fall and greying.
Nilikadya Taila
Nilikadya Taila (नीलिकाद्य तैल), a classical Ayurvedic medicated sesame oil from Sharangdhar Samhita (AFI 8:25), applied externally for skin diseases, itching, and premature graying; standardized analytically in 2026.
Nilotinib
Nilotinib, sold by Novartis as Tasigna, is a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor that blocks BCR-ABL1 and treats Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia, approved in 2007.
Nilutamide
Nilutamide (Nilandron) is a first-generation nonsteroidal antiandrogen, FDA approved 9 September 1996, used with surgical castration for Stage D2 metastatic prostate cancer; 300 mg/day for 30 days then 150 mg daily, half-life about 56 hours.
Nilvadipine
Nilvadipine (Nivadil), a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker for hypertension, half-life 15-20 h, once-daily dosing; the NILVAD phase III trial found no benefit in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease.
NIMA study
The NIMA study was an observational cohort study sponsored by Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre in the Netherlands, testing whether noninvasive atherosclerosis measurements predict cardiovascular disease better than traditional risk factors.
Nimbadi Curna
Nimbadi Curna (Nimbadi Churna, Nimbādi Cūrṇa) is a classical Ayurvedic polyherbal powder led by neem, from Bhaishajya Ratnavali, standardized in API/AFI 7:20, used for gout, skin disease, and rheumatism; distinct from Nimbadi kvatha curna and Mahanimbadi curna.
Nimbadi kvatha curna
Nimbadi kvatha curna (Nimbadi Churna), classical Ayurvedic neem-led polyherbal powder; AFI entries AFI000172 and AFI000543 (48 g dose) and API Part II monograph (1-3 g) for fever, gout, skin disease.
Nimenrix
Nimenrix (MenACWY-TT, MCV4-TT) is Pfizer's quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine against N. meningitidis serogroups A, C, W-135, and Y, EU-licensed since 2012 from age 6 weeks, not licensed in the USA.
Nimesulide
Nimesulide, a relatively COX-2 selective sulfonanilide NSAID discovered in 1971 and marketed since 1985, treats acute pain and dysmenorrhoea; unavailable in the US and EU-restricted to 15 days due to hepatotoxicity.
Nimodipine
Nimodipine (Nimotop, Nymalize) is a dihydropyridine L-type calcium channel blocker, the only FDA-approved drug for improving neurological outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, given orally 60 mg every 4 hours; ineffective in ischemic stroke.
Nimorazole
Nimorazole (nitrimidazine, Naxogin) is a 5-nitroimidazole antiprotozoal drug repurposed as a hypoxic radiosensitizer for head and neck cancer radiotherapy; standard of care only in Denmark after the DAHANCA 5-85 trial.
Nimotuzumab
Nimotuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against EGFR, developed in Cuba in the 1990s and sold as Theracim, used to treat head and neck tumors, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and glioma.