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Nin Jiom Pei Pa Koa (京都念慈庵川贝枇杷膏)
Nin Jiom Pei Pa Koa, also called King-to Nin Jiom Pei Pa Koa, is a Hong Kong herbal cough syrup made from loquat, fritillaria, and honey.
Nine-hole peg test
The nine-hole peg test is a timed clinical assessment of fine finger dexterity that measures how quickly a person places and removes nine pegs, used widely in multiple sclerosis and stroke.
Nipocalimab
Nipocalimab (Imaavy, M281, JNJ-80202135) is a fully human aglycosylated IgG1 monoclonal antibody blocking FcRn to lower IgG; FDA-approved in 2025 for generalized myasthenia gravis and in 2026 for warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
Nipple
Nipple: the central structure of each breast, with about nine milk duct openings, smooth erectile muscle, and hundreds of nerves, surrounded by the areola; types include protruding, flat, and inverted, with polythelia in 2-5% of people.
Nipple reconstruction
Nipple reconstruction is a surgical procedure that recreates a projecting nipple on a reconstructed breast using local skin flaps or grafts, with tattooing to restore color.
Nipple stimulation
Nipple stimulation: manual, pump, or electrical stimulation of the nipple that releases prolactin and oxytocin; used for labor induction and augmentation, milk ejection, and sexual response, with hyperstimulation the main obstetric risk.
NIPSENSE study
NIPSENSE (NCT07062458) is a recruiting observational study at Candiolo Cancer Institute, Torino, led by Giada Pozzi, comparing nipple sensation preservation after conventional, endoscopic, and robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy in 90 women using Semmes-Weinstein testing.
Niraparib
Niraparib (Zejula; Akeega combination) is an oral PARP-1/PARP-2 inhibitor approved in 2017 as maintenance therapy for HRD-positive ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer, and in 2025 with abiraterone for BRCA2-mutated prostate cancer.
Nirav Ramesh Shah
Nirav Ramesh Shah is an American internist and health-system executive who led New York's Health Department, held Kaiser Permanente roles, and is a Senior Scholar at Stanford.
Nirgundi ghrta
Nirgundi ghrta (Nirguṇḍī ghṛta, AFI000188) is an Ayurvedic medicated ghee of cow's clarified butter and Vitex negundo whole plant, dosed 12 g, indicated for kṣata kṣīṇa, cough, and Rajayakshma (tuberculosis), now under pharmaceutico-analytical and anti-mycobacterial study.
Nirogacestat
Nirogacestat (Ogsiveo, PF-03084014) is SpringWorks' oral gamma secretase inhibitor blocking Notch signaling, approved by the FDA on November 27, 2023 as the first systemic therapy for progressing desmoid tumors.
Nisoldipine
Nisoldipine (Nisocor, Sular) is a 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker for hypertension, acting on vascular smooth muscle L-type channels; US-approved 1995, dosed 17–34 mg once daily, with grapefruit interaction and ~5% bioavailability.
Nissen fundoplication
Nissen fundoplication: 360-degree gastric fundus wrap around the distal esophagus, the most common antireflux operation for GERD, first described by Rudolf Nissen in 1956 and laparoscopic since Dallemagne's 1991 series.
Nitazenes
Nitazenes (2-benzyl benzimidazole opioids, benzimidazole-opioids) are synthetic mu-opioid receptor agonists developed by CIBA in the 1950s, never medically approved, and illicit since 2019; some analogues exceed fentanyl in potency.
Nitazoxanide
Nitazoxanide (Alinia) is a thiazolide antiparasitic prodrug converted to tizoxanide, inhibiting PFOR. FDA-approved in 2002 for Cryptosporidium and Giardia diarrhea in immunocompetent patients; ineffective in HIV patients.
Nitrazepam
Nitrazepam (Mogadon, Alodorm) is a nitrobenzodiazepine hypnotic developed by Hoffmann-La Roche in 1965 for severe insomnia; plasma half-life about 30 hours, marketed in Europe and Australia but never in the USA.
Nitrefazole
Nitrefazole (Altimol, EMD-15-700) is a withdrawn 4-nitroimidazole aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor once used as an alcohol deterrent for alcoholism; withdrawn in Germany and Austria in 1984 for fatal hepatotoxicity.
Nitrendipine
Nitrendipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker developed by Bayer for hypertension, best known as the first-line drug of the Syst-Eur trial, which showed reduced stroke and dementia rates in older patients.
Nitric oxide-releasing nanoparticles
Nitric oxide-releasing nanoparticles are nanoscale drug-delivery vehicles that store nitric oxide donors and release the gas at target tissues, addressing its extremely short half-life and imprecise delivery.
Nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin, an oral nitrofuran antibiotic approved in the US in 1953, treats uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections. Activated by bacterial NfsA/NfsB nitroreductases, it damages multiple targets, giving low resistance; dosed 100 mg twice daily for 5-7 days.
Nitrofurazone
Nitrofurazone, also known as nitrofural, is a synthetic nitrofuran antibacterial drug applied topically to treat burns, skin grafts, and skin ulcers, in US use since 1944.
Nitrogen narcosis
Nitrogen narcosis, also called inert gas narcosis or the Martini effect, is reversible CNS impairment in divers breathing compressed air at depth; symptoms begin around 10-30 msw, resolve on ascent, and are prevented with helium-based gas mixtures.
Nitrogen washout
Nitrogen washout is a pulmonary function test in which the subject breathes pure oxygen so exhaled nitrogen yields lung volume and the lung clearance index, used to detect early small-airways disease and monitor cystic fibrosis.
Nitroxazepine
Nitroxazepine (Sintamil) is an Indian tricyclic dibenzoxazepine antidepressant acting as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, developed by Hindustan Ciba-Geigy before 1972 and marketed in India since 1982.
Nitroxoline
Nitroxoline (8-hydroxy-5-nitroquinoline, 5-NOK) is an 8-hydroxyquinoline antibiotic used since 1962 for urinary tract infections in Germany and Eastern Europe; it chelates metals, acts as a zinc/copper metallophore, and is repurposed for amoebae, cancer, and NF1.
Nityananda Rasa
Nityananda Rasa (Nityanand Rasa) is a classical Ayurvedic herbo-metallic tablet containing mercury, arsenic, sulphur, and other metals, used for gout, obesity, hypothyroidism, and elephantiasis; a 2023 90-day rat toxicity study found it safe at low therapeutic doses but toxic at high doses.
Nivolumab
Nivolumab (Opdivo, Opdivo Qvantig) is a PD-1-blocking immune checkpoint inhibitor antibody by Bristol Myers Squibb, first FDA-approved in 2014 for melanoma and later for lung cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, and many other cancers.
Niyamana
Niyamana (नियमन), also Niyāmana, is the seventh of the eighteen samskaras of mercury in Rasa Shastra, the Ayurvedic alchemical tradition; a steaming procedure with herbs and sour gruel in a dolayantra that restrains mercury's motility and volatility.
Nizatidine
Nizatidine (Axid, Tazac, LY 139037) is an Eli Lilly-developed histamine H2-receptor antagonist, FDA-approved 1988, for duodenal and gastric ulcer, GERD esophagitis, and OTC heartburn; distinct from cimetidine in lacking antiandrogenic effects and P450 interactions.
NK-cell enteropathy
NK-cell enteropathy, also called lymphomatoid gastropathy and now classified as indolent NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the GI tract, is a rare benign NK-cell mucosal lesion mimicking intestinal lymphoma, with indolent course, EBV negativity, and no detectable clonality.