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Nodules of vocal cords
Nodules of vocal cords (vocal fold nodules, singer's nodes, ICD-11 CA0H.2) are benign bilateral callus-like growths at the midpoint of the vocal folds caused by phonotrauma, causing hoarseness and usually treated with voice therapy rather than surgery.
NoFap
NoFap, also known as Nofap.com, is an online peer support community founded on Reddit in 2011 around abstaining from pornography for set periods such as the 90-day reboot.
Nogapendekin alfa
Nogapendekin alfa (Anktiva, ALT-803/N-803) is an IL-15 superagonist fusion complex approved by FDA in 2024 with BCG for BCG-unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, activating NK and CD8+ T cells.
Noise effects on inner ear
Noise effects on inner ear (ICD-10 H83.3; ICD-11 AB37): inner ear damage, chiefly cochlear hair-cell loss, from acute acoustic trauma or chronic noise exposure; includes noise-induced hearing loss, 3-6 kHz notching, tinnitus, and vestibular effects.
Noise-induced hearing loss
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is permanent or temporary hearing loss from loud impulse sounds or repeated exposure above 85 dBA, damaging cochlear hair cells; preventable, common in workers and teens, with no cure.
Nolasiban
Nolasiban (erlosiban, OBE-001) is an oral oxytocin receptor antagonist developed by ObsEva to improve IVF embryo transfer outcomes; pooled trial data showed a 5% absolute ongoing-pregnancy gain, but Phase 3 IMPLANT 4 failed and IVF development was discontinued.
Nolatrexed
Nolatrexed (AG337, Thymitaq) is a nonclassical lipophilic quinazoline thymidylate synthase inhibitor, not polyglutamated, that reached phase III hepatocellular carcinoma trials but was refused FDA approval in 2005.
Noma (disease)
Noma (cancrum oris, gangrenous stomatitis) is a rapidly progressing gangrenous disease of the mouth and face, mainly affecting malnourished children aged 2–6 in extreme poverty; WHO listed it as a neglected tropical disease in December 2023.
Nomacopan
Nomacopan, formerly known as Coversin, is an investigational small protein derived from soft tick saliva that inhibits complement C5 and leukotriene B4, developed by Akari Therapeutics for rare inflammatory diseases.
Nomegestrol acetate
Nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC), a 19-norprogesterone-derived progestogen, is used with estradiol 1.5 mg in the combined pill Zoely (EU 2011) and alone for gynecological disorders; selective progesterone receptor binding, half-life about 50 hours, meningioma risk measures since 2022.
Nomifensine
Nomifensine, sold as Merital and Alival, was a tetrahydroisoquinoline antidepressant that inhibited dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake until its 1986 withdrawal over fatal immune hemolytic anemia.
Nomophobia
Nomophobia (no-mobile-phone phobia) is anxiety at being unable to use or access one's mobile phone; unrecognized in DSM-5/ICD-11, measured mainly by the 20-item NMP-Q, with pooled symptom prevalence of 94%.
NOMS trial
The NOMS trial (Nepal Oil Massage Study) was a cluster-randomized trial in Sarlahi District, Nepal, testing sunflower seed oil against mustard oil for newborn massage; it found no benefit.
Non paralytic strabismus
Non paralytic strabismus (ICD-11 9C80; concomitant strabismus) is eye deviation with full ocular movements in each eye, comitant in all gaze directions, comprising 75–95% of strabismus cases, treated with refractive correction, botulinum toxin, or surgery.
Non-24 hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder
Non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome (N24SWD), or free-running disorder, is a circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder in which the clock fails to entrain to the 24-hour day, affecting 50-70% of totally blind people and causing daily sleep drift, cyclical insomnia, and daytime sleepiness.
Non-allergic asthma
Non-allergic asthma (intrinsic asthma), ICD-11 CA23.1: asthma not associated with allergy, with neutrophilic, eosinophilic, or paucigranulocytic sputum, often less responsive to inhaled corticosteroids than allergic asthma.
Non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophils
Non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophils (NARES, ICD-11 CA08.10) is perennial rhinitis with marked nasal eosinophilia, negative skin tests, and normal IgE, first described in 1981, treated with intranasal corticosteroids, and possibly preceding aspirin triad.
Non-amyloid fibrillary glomerulopathy
Non-amyloid fibrillary glomerulopathy, also called fibrillary glomerulonephritis, is a rare Congo red-negative kidney disease with randomly arranged 12–24 nm IgG and C3 fibrils in glomeruli, diagnosed by DNAJB9 staining, causing nephrotic proteinuria and renal failure.
Non-aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
Non-aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (naSAH, ICD-11 8B01.1): spontaneous SAH with no aneurysm on initial imaging, up to 15% of cases; perimesencephalic form is benign, non-perimesencephalic form needs fuller work-up.
Non-bullous impetigo
Non-bullous impetigo (impetigo contagiosa), ICD-11 1B72.1, is the commonest, crusted form of impetigo, over 70% of cases, caused by S. aureus, S. pyogenes, or both, with honey-colored crusts treated by topical antibiotics.
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS, also non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity, NCGWS): intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms from gluten-containing foods without celiac disease or wheat allergy; fructans may trigger symptoms more than gluten.
Non-communicable disease
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), also called non-infectious or chronic diseases, are long-duration diseases not passed between people; they killed at least 43 million people in 2021.
Non-contrast computed tomography
Non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) is X-ray cross-sectional imaging performed without injected contrast agents, used as the fast, first-line emergency test for stroke, brain hemorrhage, and urinary stones.
Non-convulsive status epilepticus
Non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE, ICD-11 8A66.1) is prolonged seizure activity without convulsions, diagnosed by EEG. Altered mental status is the hallmark; outcome depends on etiology, worst after anoxic injury.
Non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Non-erosive gastro-esophageal reflux disease (NERD), also called nonerosive reflux disease, is the more common form of GERD, causing troublesome heartburn and regurgitation without esophageal erosions on endoscopy, treated with proton pump inhibitors.
Non-functioning neuroendocrine tumor of pancreas
Non-functioning neuroendocrine tumor of pancreas (nonfunctioning PNET, NF-Pan-NET, ORPHA:506075): a well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm of at least 0.5 cm without hormonal syndrome, usually found incidentally, diagnosed by synaptophysin and chromogranin A staining, and managed by surveillance or surgery.
Non-functioning paraganglioma
Non-functioning paraganglioma: a catecholamine-nonproducing extra-adrenal neuroendocrine tumor, typically head and neck, often SDHD-related; diagnosed by imaging, managed with observation or surgery and imaging-based follow-up.
Non-functioning pituitary adenoma
Non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA), also called clinically nonfunctioning pituitary tumor or nfPitNET, is a benign hormone-silent pituitary tumor causing mass effect: visual loss, headache, hypopituitarism; treated by transsphenoidal surgery.
Non-gonococcal urethritis
Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), also called nonspecific urethritis, is inflammation of the male urethra without evidence of gonorrhea, a common sexually transmitted condition caused chiefly by Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium and treated with doxycycline.
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL): a diverse group of immune-system cancers of lymphocytes, distinct from Reed-Sternberg cell-marked Hodgkin lymphoma. Indolent or aggressive B-, T-, or NK-cell subtypes; treated with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, transplant, or watchful waiting.