Human health and medicine

Pancakola Curna

Pancakola Curna (Pañcakola cūrṇa, Panchakola Churna) is a classical Ayurvedic five-herb powder of Pippali, Pippalimula, Chavya, Chitraka, and Shunthi, listed in AFI entry 7.10 and used as a digestive for gastrointestinal disorders.

Pancamrta Lauha

Pañcāmṛta Lauha Guggulu (पञ्चामृत लौह गुग्गुलु) is an official Ayurvedic herbo-mineral pill (AFI Part II, 5:1) of mercury, sulphur, silver, mica, makshika, and iron bhasmas with guggulu, used for brain disease, ligament pain, and vata disorders.

Pancamrta Lauha Guggulu

Pancamrta Lauha Guggulu (Pañcāmṛta Lauha Guggulu, पञ्चामृत लौह गुग्गुलु) is a herbo-mineral Ayurvedic pill of guggulu resin and Lauha Bhasma from Bhaishajyaratnavali, official in API Part II Vol. II, used for cervical spondylitis and Vata disorders.

Pancamrta Parpati

Panchamrita Parpati (Panchamrut Parpati), an official Ayurvedic Formulary of India herbo-mineral flake medicine of mercury, sulfur, and iron, mica, and copper bhasmas, used mainly for Grahani at 125–250 mg doses.

Pancanamrta kvatha curna

Pacanamrta kvatha curna (Pācanāmṛta kvātha cūrṇa), AFI 4:20 from Sahasrayoga, is a ten-herb Ayurvedic decoction powder, dose 48 g, used for indigestion and early-stage fever (āmajvara).

Pancanana Rasa

Pancanana Rasa (Pañcānana rasa) is a herbo-mineral preparation of Ayurvedic Rasashastra; several distinct classical formulas share the name, and the Ayurvedic Formulary of India records one at 250 mg.

Pancanimba Curna

Pancanimba Curna (Panchanimba Churna) is a classical Ayurvedic polyherbal powder from Bhaishajya Ratnavali and AFI Part II, built on five parts of neem, 32 ingredients total, dosed 1-5 g with honey for skin diseases such as eczema and facial melanosis.

Pancatikta ghrta

Pancatikta ghrta (Pañcatikta Ghṛta), a classical Ayurvedic medicated ghee of five bitter herbs (neem, guduchi, vasa, kantakari, patola) plus Triphala cooked in cow ghee; used for skin disorders such as psoriasis and studied in osteopenia and joint disease.

Pancatikta guggulu ghrta vaisvanara curna

Pancatikta guggulu ghrita (Guggulutiktaka ghritam, Nimbadi ghrita) and Vaisvanara curna are official Ayurvedic Formulary of India formulations: a five-bitter-herb medicated ghee with guggulu for Vata and inflammatory disorders, and a standardized churna.

Pancatiktaguggulu ghrta

Pancatiktaguggulu ghrta (Guggulutiktaka ghritam, nimbadi ghrita) is an Ayurvedic medicated ghee of five bitter herbs plus guggul, used for osteoarthritis, gout, osteoporosis, and skin disease; lab studies show 12-lipoxygenase and TNF-α/IL-1β inhibition.

Panchakarma

Panchakarma is an Ayurvedic bio-purificatory therapy using preparatory oleation and sweating followed by five cleansing procedures, including emesis, purgation, enemas, and nasal administration, to restore dosha balance.

Panchakoladi ghrita

Panchakoladi ghrita (Pañcakolādighṛta), officially Shatpala ghrita in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India, is a medicated ghee of five pungent Panchakola drugs plus yavakshara and milk, dosed at 12 g, prescribed for Grahani, Rajyakshama, Gulma, Jwara, Kasa, and Pandu.

Pancoast tumor

Pancoast tumor (superior sulcus tumor, pulmonary sulcus tumor): lung cancer at the lung apex invading chest wall, brachial plexus, and stellate ganglion, causing Pancoast-Tobias syndrome; treated with chemoradiotherapy plus surgery.

Pancreas divisum

Pancreas divisum, the most common congenital pancreatic duct anomaly (5-10% prevalence), arises from failed fusion of ventral and dorsal ducts; over 95% are asymptomatic, and endoscopic or surgical minor papilla drainage treats the minority with pancreatitis.

Pancreas transplantation

Pancreas transplantation is the surgical implantation of a donor pancreas to restore insulin production in people with diabetes, first performed in 1966 at the University of Minnesota.

Pancreatectomy

A pancreatectomy is an operation that removes all or part of the pancreas, chiefly for tumors; forms include the Whipple procedure, distal pancreatectomy, and total pancreatectomy.

Pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer, chiefly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is a malignancy of the pancreas' exocrine or endocrine cells; about 90% are PDAC, over 490,000 died globally in 2024, and 5-year survival is 13%.

Pancreatic function test

A pancreatic function test is a diagnostic procedure assessing exocrine pancreatic function, by direct measurement of stimulated secretion or indirect markers, to detect insufficiency in chronic pancreatitis and cystic fibrosis.

Pancreatic head resection

Pancreatic head resection is an operation removing the head of the pancreas, most often as the Whipple procedure, the main curative treatment for pancreatic head cancers.

Pancreatic hypoplasia-diabetes-congenital heart disease syndrome

Pancreatic hypoplasia-diabetes-congenital heart disease syndrome, also known as Yorifuji-Okuno syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by GATA6 mutations, combining pancreatic underdevelopment, diabetes, and congenital heart defects.

Pancreatic islets

Pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) are endocrine cell clusters in the pancreas; beta cells make insulin. About one million per pancreas; FDA-approved donor-islet therapy (Lantidra) treats type 1 diabetes since 2023.

Pancreatic juice

Pancreatic juice: alkaline exocrine secretion of the pancreas (1–4 L/day) carrying about 20 digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to the duodenum; regulated by secretin and cholecystokinin; lipolytic action discovered by Claude Bernard in 1848; now used as a biomarker fluid for pancreatic cancer detection.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET, islet cell tumor): a benign or malignant tumor of the pancreas's hormone-producing islet cells; about 90% are nonfunctional; rarer and far more survivable than pancreatic adenocarcinoma; treated with surgery, somatostatin analogs, PRRT, and targeted drugs.

Oct 15, 2026

Pancreatic polypeptide

Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is a 36-amino-acid peptide hormone secreted by pancreatic F cells that inhibits exocrine pancreatic secretion, regulates gastrointestinal function, and reduces food intake.

Pancreatic resection

Pancreatic resection is surgery that removes part or all of the pancreas to treat tumors and other pancreatic disease, including the Whipple procedure for pancreatic head cancer.

Pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasm

Pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN, Frantz or Hamoudi tumor): rare low-grade malignant pancreatic tumor first described by Frantz in 1959, affecting young women, driven by CTNNB1 exon 3 mutations, with about 97% five-year survival after resection.

Pancreatic steatorrhoea

Pancreatic steatorrhoea, also called pancreatic steatorrhea, is excess fecal fat from pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, mainly in chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, pancreatic cancer, or after pancreatic surgery; defined as fat absorption below 93% and treated with enzyme replacement therapy.

Pancreatic stent placement

Pancreatic stent placement is an endoscopic procedure that inserts a small tube into the pancreatic duct to prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis, drain an obstructed duct, or bridge a leak.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Pancreaticoduodenectomy, or the Whipple procedure, is the standard curative resection for pancreatic head and periampullary tumors, removing the pancreatic head, duodenum, and distal bile duct with three-anastomosis reconstruction; performed open, laparoscopic, or robotically.