Human health and medicine

Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome

Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS, partial androgen resistance syndrome) is an X-linked 46,XY difference of sex development from partially functioning AR gene mutations, causing variable under-masculinization, hypospadias, infertility, and gonadal tumor risk.

Partial atrioventricular septal defect

Partial atrioventricular septal defect (partial AVSD, ostium primum ASD, incomplete AV canal) is a congenital heart defect with a primum atrial septal defect, intact ventricular septum, and cleft mitral valve; surgical repair gives 98% 10-year survival with about 11% reoperation risk.

Partial breast irradiation

Partial breast irradiation (PBI) is a radiation therapy for early-stage breast cancer that treats only the lumpectomy bed plus a margin, in a shorter course than whole-breast irradiation.

Partial colectomy

Partial colectomy, also known as subtotal colectomy, is an operation that removes a segment of the colon, most often to treat colon cancer, diverticulitis, or inflammatory bowel disease.

Partial Denture

Partial denture: removable prosthesis replacing one or more but not all natural teeth, retained by clasps on remaining teeth and gum tissue; acrylic, nylon, or metal; first documented 1711; improves short-term oral quality of life.

Partial dissociative identity disorder

Partial dissociative identity disorder (ICD-11 6B65) is a dissociative disorder with multiple personality states in which non-dominant states intrude on a dominant state without recurrently taking executive control; introduced in ICD-11, absent from DSM-5.

Partial hepatectomy

A partial hepatectomy is an operation removing part of the liver while leaving enough healthy remnant tissue for function, used mainly for liver tumors and metastases.

Partial hysterectomy

Partial hysterectomy, also called subtotal or supracervical hysterectomy, is a gynecological operation that removes the body and fundus of the uterus while leaving the cervix in place.

Partial laryngectomy

Partial laryngectomy is an operation for laryngeal cancer that removes the tumor-bearing part of the larynx while preserving voice, breathing, and swallowing, with five-year survival often exceeding 70%.

Partial meniscectomy

Partial meniscectomy is an arthroscopic knee surgery that removes only the damaged portion of a torn meniscus, performed over 500,000 times a year in the United States.

Partial nephrectomy

Partial nephrectomy is a kidney cancer operation that removes the tumor with a thin rim of healthy tissue while leaving the rest of the kidney in place.

Partial nodular transformation of liver

Partial nodular transformation of liver (PNT) is a rare benign liver condition in which large regenerating nodules form at the hepatic hilus, often causing portal hypertension.

Partial pulpotomy

Partial pulpotomy is a vital pulp therapy in which a small portion of inflamed coronal pulp is removed and a bioceramic dressing is placed to preserve pulp vitality.

Partial septate uterus

Partial septate uterus: congenital uterine malformation with a fundal septum not reaching the internal cervical os; also called subseptate uterus; causes miscarriage risk, diagnosed by 3D ultrasound, treated by hysteroscopic resection.

Partial splenectomy

Partial splenectomy is an operation that removes only the diseased or damaged portion of the spleen while preserving immune function, treating splenic trauma, cysts, tumors, and hypersplenism.

Partial thromboplastin time

Partial thromboplastin time (PTT, aPTT) is a coagulation blood test measuring seconds to fibrin clot via the intrinsic pathway; normal about 25-37 seconds; used for hemophilia workup, heparin monitoring, and lupus anticoagulant detection.

Partially involuting congenital hemangioma

Partially involuting congenital hemangioma (PICH) is a rare benign vascular tumor fully formed at birth that regresses like a RICH but stops partway, leaving a NICH-like residual lesion; ulceration is its hallmark complication.

Partington syndrome

Partington syndrome (PRTS, Partington-Mulley syndrome), an X-linked recessive ARX-gene (Xp22.13) disorder with intellectual disability, dysarthria, and progressive focal hand dystonia (Partington sign), first described in 1988.

Partner notification

Partner notification is a public health practice of informing the sexual or injecting partners of people diagnosed with HIV or other STIs so they can be tested and treated.

PARTNER trial

PARTNER (Placement of AoRTic TraNscathetER Valve) trial, NCT00530894, Edwards Lifesciences-sponsored randomized program comparing TAVR with medical therapy or surgery in severe aortic stenosis, spanning Cohorts A/B, PARTNER 2A, and PARTNER 3.

Party and play

Party and play (PnP), also called chemsex, is drug use to facilitate or intensify sex, mainly among gay and bisexual men; typical drugs are methamphetamine, GHB/GBL, and mephedrone, with slamsex injecting raising HIV and hepatitis C risk.

Paruresis

Paruresis, also known as shy bladder syndrome or pee shyness, is the inability to urinate when others are present, usually manageable only when alone at home.

PAS trial

PAS trial (NCT06219564): a Turkish retrospective cohort study of 277 women with total placenta previa testing whether placental MRI volumes and cervical measurements predict peripartum hysterectomy and neonatal mortality in placenta accreta spectrum.

PASH syndrome

PASH syndrome (pyoderma gangrenosum, acne, suppurative hidradenitis) is a rare autoinflammatory skin disease first described in 2012, genetically linked to PSTPIP1 promoter CCTG repeats, treated with TNF and IL-1 blockers; distinct from breast PASH and from PAPA, PAPASH, PsAPASH, and PASS syndromes.

Pasireotide

Pasireotide (SOM230, Signifor) is a cyclic hexapeptide somatostatin analogue approved in 2012 for Cushing's disease, binding SSTR5 strongly; its main drawback is hyperglycemia from suppressed insulin and incretin secretion.

PASS syndrome

PASS syndrome: pyoderma gangrenosum, acne, suppurative hidradenitis, and ankylosing spondylitis; rare autoinflammatory disease first described 2012, no known gene mutation, IL-1 driven.

Passionate and companionate love

Passionate and companionate love: Berscheid and Hatfield's two-type taxonomy of romantic love. Passionate love is intense longing for union; companionate love is deep affectionate attachment, measured by the Passionate Love Scale and Rubin's Love Scale.