25,729 articles
Pirprofen
Pirprofen (Rengasil), a phenylpropionic acid NSAID related to ibuprofen and naproxen, treated rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and pain at 600-1200 mg/day; withdrawn worldwide in 1990 for fatal hepatotoxicity.
Pirtobrutinib
Pirtobrutinib (Jaypirca, LOXO-305) is an oral, non-covalent, reversible BTK inhibitor by Eli Lilly for mantle cell lymphoma and CLL/SLL, active against C481-mutant BTK; FDA approved January 27, 2023.
PISTIAS-3 trial
PISTIAS-3 (NCT07466251) is a Phase 4 double-blind, placebo-controlled trial by Peking Union Medical College Hospital testing early recaticimab, a PCSK9 inhibitor, in 1,212 Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke and 50-99% intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis, with mRS 0-2 at 90 days as the primary outcome.
Pit latrine
Pit latrine, also called pit toilet or ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine: an on-site sanitation facility of a slab over a pit storing excreta; used by about 1.77 billion people, with 15 m well-separation and twin-pit humus cycles as key practices.
Pitavastatin
Pitavastatin (Livalo) is a synthetic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor statin launched in Japan in 2003 and FDA-approved in 2009; 1–4 mg daily doses lower LDL-C 28–47% with low CYP interaction risk.
Pitch and loudness coding in the auditory system
Pitch and loudness coding in the auditory system is how frequency and intensity are represented via cochlear place codes and phase-locked spike timing, which fails above a few kHz.
Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital
Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (Hôpital Universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière), largest hospital group in France, an AP-HP public teaching hospital in Paris's 13th arrondissement with 90 buildings on 33 hectares, 77 services, 26 rare-disease reference centers, and the ICAN and A-ICM institutes.
Pitt-Hopkins syndrome
Pitt-Hopkins syndrome (PTHS, PHS) is a rare autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder caused by TCF4 haploinsufficiency at 18q21.2, with severe intellectual disability, absent speech, hyperventilation-apnea episodes, epilepsy, and distinctive facial features.
Pitted keratolysis
Pitted keratolysis (keratolysis plantare sulcatum), a superficial bacterial infection of the soles causing 1–3 mm pits and foul odor, caused by Corynebacteria and related Gram-positive bacteria, treated with topical antibiotics.
Pitting oedema
Pitting oedema (pitting edema), ICD-11 MG29.3, is swelling that leaves a persistent indentation after pressure, graded 1-4 by pit depth and rebound time; caused by heart failure, venous insufficiency, kidney disease, and drugs, unlike non-pitting lymphoedema.
Pittsburgh compound B
Pittsburgh compound B (PiB, [11C]6-OH-BTA-1) is a carbon-11 PET radiotracer developed by Mathis and Klunk at the University of Pittsburgh from thioflavin T; first used in humans in 2002, it images beta-amyloid plaques and serves as the reference standard for amyloid PET tracers.
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a 19-item self-report questionnaire measuring sleep quality and disturbances over the past month, introduced by Daniel J. Buysse and colleagues in 1989.
Pituicytoma
Pituicytoma, also called granular/oncocytic/ependymal pituicytoma in WHO 2022 grouping, is a rare low-grade TTF-1-positive glial tumor of pituicytes of the posterior pituitary, causing visual loss, headache, and hypopituitarism; cured by resection.
Pituitary abscess
Pituitary abscess: a rare pus collection in the pituitary gland or sella turcica, under 1% of pituitary lesions; primary or secondary; headache and visual loss; treated by transsphenoidal drainage plus antibiotics.
Pituitary adenoma
Pituitary adenoma, also called pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) under the 2022 WHO classification, is a benign anterior pituitary tumor; classified by size (micro/macro) and hormone secretion, treated with transsphenoidal surgery, dopamine agonists, or radiotherapy.
Pituitary adenoma resection
Pituitary adenoma resection is a neurosurgical operation that removes a pituitary adenoma, usually through the nasal cavity and sphenoid sinus, most often by endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery.
Pituitary apoplexy
Pituitary apoplexy, also called pituitary infarction or pituitary tumor apoplexy, is sudden hemorrhage or infarction of the pituitary gland, usually within an adenoma, causing severe headache, visual loss, and adrenal crisis treated with hydrocortisone.
Pituitary carcinoma
Pituitary carcinoma, now termed metastatic pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (metastatic PitNET), is a rare anterior pituitary malignancy defined by craniospinal or systemic metastasis, usually ACTH- or prolactin-producing, treated with surgery, radiotherapy and temozolomide.
Pituitary gland
Pituitary gland (hypophysis cerebri), the pea-sized master endocrine gland below the hypothalamus in the sella turcica; anterior lobe makes TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, GH, prolactin; posterior lobe stores oxytocin and ADH.
Pituitary Irradiation
Pituitary irradiation (pituitary gland irradiation, MeSH D010910) is radiotherapy to the pituitary, second- or third-line for pituitary adenomas; 45-50 Gy fractionated or SRS, control over 90% at 10 years, hypopituitarism 30-60% at 5-10 years.
Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome
Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS), also called ectopic neurohypophysis, is a rare congenital pituitary defect defined on MRI by an interrupted stalk, anterior pituitary hypoplasia, and ectopic posterior pituitary, causing progressive hormone deficiencies.
Pituitary-Adrenal Function Tests
Pituitary-adrenal function tests, including the 250 µg and 1 µg ACTH (cosyntropin/Synacthen) stimulation tests, insulin tolerance test, metyrapone test, and morning cortisol, evaluate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to diagnose primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency.
Pityriasis alba
Pityriasis alba, also called white eczema, is a common childhood skin disorder causing round, mildly scaly hypopigmented facial patches, linked to atopic dermatitis, not contagious, and usually resolving within about a year.
Pityriasis amiantacea
Pityriasis amiantacea (tinea amiantacea, pseudotinea amiantacea) is a scalp reaction pattern with thick asbestos-like scales binding hair tufts, first described by Alibert in 1832, usually linked to psoriasis, seborrhoeic or atopic dermatitis, or tinea capitis.
Pityriasis lichenoides
Pityriasis lichenoides (PL, Mucha-Habermann disease) is a rare inflammatory skin disease of unknown cause with acute PLEVA and chronic PLC forms, treated mainly with phototherapy or antibiotics.
Pityriasis rosea
Pityriasis rosea, also called pityriasis rosea of Gibert, is a self-limiting scaly rash with a herald patch and Christmas-tree secondary eruption, resolving in 6–10 weeks; HHV-6/7 reactivation is the leading suspected cause.
Pityriasis rubra pilaris
Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP, Devergie disease) is a rare papulosquamous inflammatory skin disorder with orange-red scaly plaques, follicular papules, and palmoplantar keratoderma; six Griffiths types, CARD14-linked familial form, treated with retinoids, methotrexate, and biologics.
Pivampicillin
Pivampicillin, marketed as Pondocillin, is an inactive ester prodrug of the antibiotic ampicillin that is converted to ampicillin after absorption, giving higher blood levels than ampicillin itself.
PIVOT trial
PIVOT (Prostate Cancer Intervention Versus Observation Trial, CSP #407, NCT00007644) was a US VA/NCI randomized trial of 731 men comparing radical prostatectomy with observation for localized prostate cancer, finding no significant mortality reduction through 20 years.
Pivot-shift test
The pivot-shift test is a clinical knee examination maneuver assessing rotational instability of the anterior cruciate ligament, most specific but least sensitive for confirming ACL rupture.