25,729 articles
Pingakhanda
Pingakhanda, an Ayurvedic formulation listed for Vistambha (constipation group); closely related Puga Khanda (Pūgakhaṇḍa) is a 26-ingredient avaleha from Bhaishajya Ratnavali, dosage 6-12 g, studied clinically in 52 patients.
Pinguecula
Pinguecula: a common benign yellow-white raised growth on the conjunctiva near the limbus, caused by UV, wind, and dust; unlike pterygium it never invades the cornea and is usually asymptomatic.
Pingwei San
平胃散 (Pingwei San, Pyeongwisan), a classical Chinese formula from Song texts, four herbs (Atractylodes, Magnolia bark, tangerine peel, licorice) that dry dampness and harmonize the spleen and stomach for gastritis and dyspepsia.
Pingyangmycin (bleomycin A5)
Pingyangmycin (平阳霉素, bleomycin A5, PYM) is a single-component bleomycin-family antitumor antibiotic isolated in 1969 from Streptomyces pingyangensis in Pingyang County, Zhejiang, China; used for head and neck cancers and as a sclerosant for vascular malformations.
Pinta
Pinta, also called mal del pinto or carate, is a chronic nonvenereal skin disease of Latin America caused by Treponema carateum, spread by skin contact, treated with penicillin, and now rare.
Pinworm infection
Pinworm infection (enterobiasis, Enterobius vermicularis, threadworm) is a common intestinal roundworm infection causing nighttime anal itching, diagnosed by tape test, and treated with two doses of mebendazole, albendazole, or pyrantel pamoate.
Pioglitazone
Pioglitazone (Actos) is a thiazolidinedione PPAR-gamma agonist approved in 1999 for type 2 diabetes, also used for NASH and stroke prevention after IRIS; boxed warning for heart failure, weight gain, fracture and bladder cancer signals.
PIONEER 6 trial
PIONEER 6 (Peptide Innovation for Early Diabetes Treatment 6, NCT02692716) was Novo Nordisk's phase 3a event-driven cardiovascular outcomes trial of once-daily oral semaglutide 14 mg versus placebo in 3,183 patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk; it met noninferiority (HR 0.79) but not superiority.
Pipamazine
Pipamazine (Mornidine, CAS 84-04-8), a phenothiazine antiemetic introduced in 1959 for nausea and vomiting; withdrawn by the US FDA in July 1969 for lack of proof of efficacy and safety in pregnant women.
Pipamperone
Pipamperone (Dipiperon, R 3345), a butyrophenone typical antipsychotic introduced by Janssen in 1961; 5-HT2A/D4 antagonist used in the Netherlands, Belgium, and Germany for psychosis, agitation, behavioral problems, and delirium, lacking FDA approval.
Pipecuronium
Pipecuronium (Arduan) is a long-acting aminosteroid non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent introduced in 1982, ED95 0.05 mg/kg, duration 80-90 min, renal excretion, and no cardiovascular effects unlike pancuronium.
PIPELINE trial
PIPELINE (NCT04462445), a completed phase 2 single-arm translational trial at Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, sought NGS and circulating angiogenic factor biomarkers of resistance to first-line pazopanib in treatment-naive metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Piperacetazine
Piperacetazine (Quide, Actazine, Psymod) is a discontinued piperidine-subclass phenothiazine antipsychotic, a dopamine D2 antagonist approved by FDA in 1969 for schizophrenia and withdrawn from US marketing.
Piperacillin/tazobactam
Piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn) is an intravenous penicillin plus beta-lactamase inhibitor combination approved in the US in 1993 for intra-abdominal, pneumonia, skin, and pelvic infections, with dosing 3.375-4.5 g every 6 hours and known AKI risk with vancomycin.
Piperidolate
Piperidolate (Dactil) is a racemic tertiary amine antimuscarinic antispasmodic, ATC A03AA30, C21H25NO2, CAS 82-98-4, approved in Japan in 1967 for spasm and premature labor, banned in US racing.
Pipobroman
Pipobroman (Vercyte, Vercite), an oral piperazine alkylating antineoplastic (ATC L01AX02) for polycythaemia vera; FDA approved 1966, discontinued 1996, restricted to second-line use for leukemogenicity.
Pipotiazine palmitate
Pipotiazine palmitate (Piportil Depot, 19.552 R.P.) is a long-acting depot phenothiazine antipsychotic, the palmitate ester of pipotiazine, given by monthly intramuscular injection for schizophrenia maintenance; equivalent to other depots, discontinued in 2015 after an API shortage.
Pippalyadi ghrta
Pippalyadi ghrta (Pippalyadi Ghrita, पिप्पल्यादि घृतम्) is a classical Ayurvedic medicated ghee built on Pippali (Piper longum); distinct Charaka and Ashtanga Hridaya recipes target cough, fever, hemorrhoids, and gulma.
Pippalyadi Lauha
Pippalyadi Lauha (पिप्पल्यादि लौह), an Ayurvedic Lauha Kalpa herbo-mineral formula from Bhaishajya Ratnavali verse 61: 8 parts Lauha Bhasma with Pippali, Amalaki, Draksha, Kolasthi, Vidanga, Pushkara, honey, sugar; 250 mg dose for hiccup, asthma, emesis, indigestion.
Pippalyadyasava
Pippalyadyasava (Pippalyādyāsava), also called Pippalyasava, is an Ayurvedic fermented liquid (asava) of 25 plant ingredients including Piper longum, fermented 15-30 days to 5-7.5% alcohol, indicated for Grahana, Gulma, Arsa, Udara, and Pandu, dose 12-24 ml.
Piracetam
Piracetam (2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide, C6H10N2O2) is the first nootropic, a GABA-derivative racetam developed in 1964 by Corneliu Giurgea, marketed by UCB in 1971, approved in over 120 countries for myoclonus but not FDA-approved, with inconclusive dementia evidence.
Pirarubicin
Pirarubicin (THP, 4'-O-tetrahydropyranyl doxorubicin, Pinorubicin) is a second-generation anthracycline chemotherapy drug developed in 1979, less cardiotoxic than doxorubicin, used in Japan for lymphoma, breast, gastric, and urothelial cancers.
Pirbuterol
Pirbuterol (Maxair, CP-24314-1) is a short-acting beta2-agonist bronchodilator with a pyridine ring replacing salbutamol's benzene ring; FDA-approved 1986 as a 200-microgram metered-dose inhaler, later discontinued.
Piretanide
Piretanide (Arelix, Eurelix, Tauliz; HOE 118) is a sulfamoylbenzoic acid loop diuretic synthesized at Hoechst in 1973, inhibiting NKCC2; about 5-7 times more potent than furosemide, one-tenth as potent as bumetanide, used for hypertension and edema.
Pirfenidone
Pirfenidone (Esbriet, Pirespa) is an oral antifibrotic drug for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, first approved in Japan in 2008, dosed 801 mg three times daily, slowing FVC decline with nausea, rash, and photosensitivity as common adverse effects.
Piribedil
Piribedil, sold as Trivastal and Pronoran, is a dopamine agonist drug used to treat Parkinson's disease in Europe and Asia, but not approved in the United States.
Piriformis muscle
Piriformis muscle: pear-shaped hip external rotator from the sacrum (S2–S4) to the greater trochanter, innervated by S1–S2; landmark for the sciatic nerve and namesake of piriformis syndrome.
Piriformis syndrome
Piriformis syndrome, also called deep gluteal syndrome, is sciatic nerve compression by the piriformis muscle causing buttock pain radiating down the leg; treated first with stretching, NSAIDs, injections, and rarely surgery.
Piritramide
Piritramide (pirinitramide, Dipidolor, R 3365) is a synthetic diphenylpropylamine mu-opioid agonist synthesized by Paul Janssen in 1960, given parenterally only, with up to 6-hour analgesia, hepatic metabolism without active metabolites, and wide postoperative use in Germany, Austria, Belgium, and the Netherlands.
Piroxicam
Piroxicam (Feldene) is the first oxicam-class NSAID, approved in the US in 1982, a non-selective COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor with a long half-life allowing 20 mg once-daily dosing, now restricted in Europe to chronic inflammatory arthritis.