25,729 articles
Pixantrone
Pixantrone (Pixuvri) is an aza-anthracenedione chemotherapy for multiply relapsed or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma; EU-authorized 2012, expired 2024, designed for reduced cardiotoxicity.
Piyasavalli Rasa
Piyasavalli Rasa (Piyush Valli Ras) is an Ayurvedic herbo-mineral pill from Rasashastra, recorded in Rasa Jala Nidhi vol. 4 for chronic diarrhea, dysentery, grahani, and fever, made with mercury, sulphur, metals, and herbs.
Piyusavalli Rasa
Piyusavalli Rasa (Piyushvalli Rasa) is a classical Ayurvedic herbo-mineral rasa shastra formulation built on purified mercury and sulphur with calcined mica, iron, silver, chalcopyrite, and six herbs; AFI dose 500 mg, indicated for diarrhea, fever, jaundice, and anemia.
PLA2G6-related neurodegeneration, adult-onset
Adult-onset PLA2G6-related neurodegeneration (PARK14, adult PLAN) is a rare autosomal recessive dystonia-parkinsonism disorder from PLA2G6 mutations on 22q13.1, with levodopa-responsive parkinsonism, dyskinesias, and cognitive decline.
PLA2G6-related neurodegeneration, infantile-onset
Infantile-onset PLA2G6-related neurodegeneration (infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, INAD, NBIA2A) is a rare autosomal recessive NBIA disorder from PLA2G6 mutations at 22q13.1, causing psychomotor regression, hypotonia, spastic tetraparesis, cerebellar atrophy, and death usually within about ten years.
PLA2G6-related neurodegeneration, juvenile-onset
Juvenile-onset PLA2G6-related neurodegeneration (juvenile PLAN, formerly atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy, ORPHA:728432) is an autosomal recessive NBIA disorder caused by PLA2G6 variants, with childhood or adolescent onset, ataxia, dystonia, visual loss, and slower progression than infantile PLAN.
PLACE020 trial
PLACE020 (NCT03529266), a phase 2 single-arm trial at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, tested 2.5 mL porcine fibrin sealant (Bioseal) on cervical anastomoses during McKeown esophagectomy; 5.3% leakage in 57 patients, followed by the null PLACE030 phase III trial.
Placebo
Placebo: an inert substance with no pharmacologic activity, and the placebo and nocebo effects it reveals. Covers effect sizes, opioid and dopamine mechanisms, open-label placebos, trial ethics, and 2024–2025 findings.
Placebo Effect
Placebo effect: health improvement from expectation and treatment context rather than active drug action; also called placebo response. Includes nocebo (negative) counterpart, Beecher's 1955 35% estimate, Cochrane SMD −0.23, and open-label placebos.
Placebo-controlled study
A placebo-controlled study is a randomized clinical trial in which participants receive either the experimental treatment or a matched inert placebo, and the outcome difference between the two groups measures the treatment's effect.
Placenta praevia
Placenta praevia (placenta previa): placenta implanted over the cervical internal os, blocking vaginal birth. Affects about 1 in 200 births; causes painless antepartum bleeding; managed with caesarean delivery.
Placental abruption
Placental abruption: premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before birth, causing vaginal bleeding and pain; complicates 0.6–1.2% of pregnancies and is diagnosed definitively only by placental examination after delivery.
Placental Function Tests
Placental function tests assess placental health in pregnancy via maternal biochemistry (oestriol, hPL, PlGF), uterine and umbilical artery Doppler, and ultrasound. Cochrane evidence shows biochemical tests alone do not improve pregnancy outcomes; Doppler benefits high-risk pregnancies.
Placental transfusion syndromes
Placental transfusion syndromes (ICD-11 JA8A.0) are abnormal blood transfer through placental vessels, chiefly twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome and twin anemia polycythemia sequence in monochorionic twins sharing placental anastomoses.
Placentophagy
Placentophagy, or placentophagia, is the eating of a human placenta after childbirth, most often as capsules, a practice that grew since the 1970s despite controlled research finding no evidence of its claimed benefits.
Plagiocephaly
Plagiocephaly, or flat head syndrome, is asymmetric infant skull flattening. Deformational (positional) plagiocephaly affects 5-48% of newborns; synostotic plagiocephaly from premature suture fusion is rare. Treatment ranges from repositioning to helmet therapy.
Plague doctor
Plague doctor (medico della peste): a municipally contracted plague physician, iconically depicted in a beaked mask costume attributed to Charles de Lorme and the 1656 Rome/Naples engravings; used briefly in 17th-century Italy and southern France against miasma.
Plague meningitis
Plague meningitis (ICD-11 1B93.3) is rare meningitis from Yersinia pestis, usually secondary to bubonic plague after delayed treatment; about 6% of US cases 1970-79, 96% fatal untreated, treated with chloramphenicol plus a fluoroquinolone.
Plague of Athens (Λοιμός των Αθηνών)
Plague of Athens (Λοιμός των Αθηνών), epidemic of 430–427/426 BC in besieged Athens during the Peloponnesian War, recorded by Thucydides; killed up to a third of 250,000–300,000 people, including Pericles; cause debated, now linked to invasive Salmonella enterica.
Plague of Cyprian
The Plague of Cyprian, also called the Cyprianic Plague, was a pandemic that struck the Roman Empire from about 249 to 270 CE, described by the bishop Cyprian of Carthage.
Plague of Justinian
Plague of Justinian (Justinianic Plague), first wave of the First Pandemic of Yersinia pestis bubonic plague, 541–750 CE; struck the Byzantine Empire in 541, reached Constantinople in 542, confirmed by ancient DNA, mortality scale disputed.
Plain radiography
Plain radiography is an imaging method in which an X-ray beam passed through a patient produces a two-dimensional image, first-line for suspected fractures, pneumonia, and intestinal obstruction.
Plakoglobin
Plakoglobin (junction plakoglobin, gamma-catenin), encoded by JUP on chromosome 17, is an armadillo-family protein in desmosomes and adherens junctions of heart and skin; JUP mutations cause Naxos disease, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, and lethal congenital epidermolysis bullosa.
Plakophilin-2
Plakophilin-2 (PKP2), also called plakophilin 2, is an 881-amino-acid desmosomal armadillo-repeat protein encoded at 12p11 and the main cardiac plakophilin; PKP2 loss-of-function mutations are the leading cause of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.
Plandemic
Plandemic, also called Plandemic: The Hidden Agenda Behind Covid-19, is a 2020 conspiratorial pseudo-documentary series by Mikki Willis featuring discredited researcher Judy Mikovits; its false claims about COVID-19, vaccines, and Fauci were debunked by FactCheck.org, PolitiFact, and AFP.
Plane tree (Platanus) pollen allergen skin prick test solution
悬铃木花粉变应原皮肤点刺液 (Platanus pollen allergen skin prick solution), Wolwo Bio-Pharmaceutical's Class 1 biological product approved by China's NMPA in December 2024 (国药准字S20240057); skin prick test reagent aiding diagnosis of Platanus pollen type I allergy, sensitivity 91.13%, specificity 88.39%.
Plane warts
Plane warts (verruca plana, flat warts) are small, smooth, flat-topped HPV type 3/10 papules clustered on the face, hands, or shins, mostly in children; about 4–8% of skin warts, often clearing spontaneously.
Plane wave imaging
Plane wave imaging is an ultrasound method that transmits an unfocused plane wave covering the whole region at once, reaching ultrafast frame rates conventional focused scanning cannot attain.
Plane xanthoma
Plane xanthoma (planar xanthoma) is a flat, yellow xanthoma of the skin occurring as xanthelasma, palmar crease xanthoma, or diffuse plane xanthoma, signaling dyslipidemia, cholestasis, or hematologic disease.
Planimetry (medicine)
Planimetry is a clinical method that measures the surface area of wounds, ulcers, burns, and skin lesions from traced or photographed outlines to track healing.