25,729 articles
Primary open-angle glaucoma
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), also called chronic open-angle glaucoma, is a chronic progressive optic neuropathy with an open anterior chamber angle. About 53 million cases in 2020; elevated IOP is the only modifiable risk factor, and treatment lowers IOP with drops, SLT laser, or surgery.
Primary orthostatic tremor
Primary orthostatic tremor (POT, shaky legs syndrome) is a rare tremor disorder with a high-frequency (>12 Hz, typically 13-18 Hz) tremor when standing, relieved by sitting or walking, diagnosed by surface EMG, treated with clonazepam or perampanel.
Primary osteoarthritis of hip
Primary osteoarthritis of hip (ICD-11 FA00.0) is idiopathic degenerative hip joint disease from wear and tear and ageing, not trauma or structural abnormality; common after 50-60, managed with exercise, weight loss, and hip replacement when severe.
Primary osteoarthritis of knee
Primary osteoarthritis of knee is degeneration of an otherwise intact knee joint attributed to genetic, age-related, or use-related factors, distinct from post-traumatic or other secondary forms, affecting an estimated 600 million people worldwide.
Primary palatoplasty
Primary palatoplasty is the surgical closure of a cleft palate, typically performed between 4 and 18 months of age to separate the oral and nasal cavities and enable normal speech.
Primary pericardial mesothelioma
Primary pericardial mesothelioma is a rare malignant tumor of the sac surrounding the heart, accounting for about 1% of mesotheliomas with median survival of 6 months.
Primary peritoneal carcinoma
Primary peritoneal carcinoma (PPC, ORPHA:168829), a rare extra-ovarian cancer of the peritoneum resembling serous ovarian carcinoma; about 10% of pelvic serous carcinomas, mean age 60, treated with cytoreductive surgery plus platinum chemotherapy.
Primary Prevention
Primary prevention: interventions that stop disease before it occurs by reducing causal exposures and raising resistance, through vaccination, smoking cessation, blood pressure control, and health promotion, distinct from secondary, tertiary, primordial, and quaternary prevention.
Primary progressive aphasia
Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative language-led dementia with three variants (nonfluent/agrammatic, semantic, logopenic), prevalence about 3 per 100,000, variant-linked survival of 7 to 12 years, and growing speech-therapy and TMS treatment evidence.
Primary progressive apraxia of speech
Primary progressive apraxia of speech (PPAOS) is a neurodegenerative tauopathy in which apraxia of speech is the first or only symptom, distinct from primary progressive aphasia, linked to PSP and corticobasal degeneration.
Primary progressive freezing gait
Primary progressive freezing gait (PPFG), also called primary progressive freezing of gait, is a rare adult-onset neurodegenerative syndrome with freezing of gait within 3 years, later falls and wheelchair dependence, unresponsive to levodopa, and caused by diverse pathologies including PSP and pallidonigroluysian degeneration.
Primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) is a form of multiple sclerosis that worsens gradually from onset, without prominent relapses, affecting roughly 10 to 15 percent of people with MS.
Primary pulmonary hypoplasia
Primary pulmonary hypoplasia (idiopathic pulmonary hypoplasia, OMIM 265430) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital underdevelopment of lung tissue with no underlying disorder, usually lethal in newborns.
Primary pulmonary lymphoma
Primary pulmonary lymphoma (PPL), also called primary lung lymphoma or pulmonary MALT lymphoma, is a rare clonal lymphoid proliferation confined to the lungs, mostly low-grade MALT B-cell lymphoma, plus high-grade DLBCL and lymphomatoid granulomatosis, with no extrapulmonary disease for 3 months.
Primary pulmonary vein stenosis
Primary pulmonary vein stenosis (PPVS), also called congenital or idiopathic PVS, is progressive narrowing of the pulmonary veins without prior intervention, affecting infants, especially preterm babies with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, with high mortality and multimodality treatment.
Primary Raynaud disease
Primary Raynaud disease (primary Raynaud's phenomenon, ICD-11 BD42.0) is idiopathic episodic vasospasm of digital arteries triggered by cold or stress, without underlying disease; it accounts for 80–90% of Raynaud cases, affects young women, and rarely progresses to tissue injury.
Primary retroperitoneal fibrosis
Primary (idiopathic) retroperitoneal fibrosis, Ormond's disease, is a rare fibroinflammatory periaortic mass encasing the ureters; largely IgG4-related, treated with glucocorticoids, tamoxifen, immunosuppressants, or ureterolysis.
Primary rhinoplasty
Primary rhinoplasty is the first surgical reshaping of the nose to improve its appearance and function, distinct from revision rhinoplasty, with major complications affecting less than 0.7% of patients.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic liver disease in which inflammation and scarring narrow the bile ducts, leading to cirrhosis and often liver failure, treatable only by transplantation.
Primary superior vena cava aneurysm
Primary superior vena cava aneurysm (SVCA, ORPHA:652668, ICD-10 Q26.8) is a rare vascular anomaly, mostly fusiform and rarely saccular, of the SVC; usually asymptomatic, found incidentally on chest X-ray, managed conservatively if fusiform.
Primary syphilis of other sites
Primary syphilis of other sites (ICD-11 1A61.2) is extragenital primary syphilis: a chancre at the mouth, lip, anus, rectum, or other non-genital inoculation site, often painless and unnoticed.
Primary syringomyelia
Primary syringomyelia, also called congenital syringomyelia (ICD-11 LA07.3), is a rare developmental malformation with a fluid-filled syrinx inside the spinal cord, causing cape-like pain and temperature loss and upper-limb-predominant weakness.
Primary tethered cord syndrome
Primary tethered cord syndrome (primary tethered spinal cord syndrome), a congenital low-lying, traction-fixed spinal cord with thickened filum terminale, causing progressive neurologic, musculoskeletal, and bladder/bowel symptoms; treated by surgical detethering.
Primary ulcer of small intestine
Primary ulcer of small intestine (ICD-11 DA94.0, 原発性小腸潰瘍) is small bowel ulceration of unknown origin, also called simple, idiopathic, or nonspecific ulcer, including CMUSE and CNSU, presenting with anemia, bleeding, and strictures.
Primary unilateral adrenal hyperplasia
Primary unilateral adrenal hyperplasia (PUAH, UAH) is a rare, surgically correctable subtype of primary aldosteronism: one hyperplastic adrenal gland hypersecretes aldosterone, causing renin-suppressed hypertension; adrenal vein sampling, not CT, defines laterality.
Primary uterine inertia
Primary uterine inertia (ICD-11 JB02.0; ICD-10-CM O62.0) is hypotonic, poorly coordinated myometrial contractions from labor onset that fail to dilate the cervix, managed with oxytocin augmentation or cesarean delivery.
Primary venous leg ulcer
Primary venous leg ulcer (ICD-11 BD74.30) is a first-episode venous leg ulcer, arising in skin without preceding ulceration; treated with compression and endovenous ablation, distinct from recurrent ulcers and from CEAP primary venous insufficiency.
Primary vitreoretinal large B-cell lymphoma
Primary vitreoretinal large B-cell lymphoma (PVRL, PVR-LBCL), a rare aggressive DLBCL of the vitreous and retina, a subset of primary CNS lymphoma, masquerading as uveitis with 60-90% brain involvement risk.
Primary yaws
Primary yaws (ICD-11 1C1D.0, mother yaw) is the first stage of yaws, caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue: a solitary 2–5 cm infectious papilloma on the lower limbs after a mean 21-day incubation, healing in 3–6 months, cured by single-dose azithromycin.
Primarycare trial
Primarycare (NCT05336019) is a Queen's University-sponsored single-blind mixed-methods feasibility randomized controlled trial of a 12-week Diabetes Self-Management Coaching Program for 40 adults with type 2 diabetes in Gondar, Ethiopia, reporting 70% recruitment, 90% retention, and 85% adherence rates.