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Asokarista
Asokarista (Ashokarishta, Aśokāriṣṭa) is a classical Ayurvedic fermented polyherbal formulation led by Saraca asoca bark, listed in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India for gynecological disorders such as menorrhagia and leucorrhea.
ASP1128
ASP1128 (MA-0217) is Astellas/Mitobridge's intravenous selective PPARδ modulator for acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery; its phase 2 trial 1128-CL-0201 missed its primary endpoint and development was discontinued in 2022.
Asparaginase
Asparaginase (L-asparaginase, EC 3.5.1.1) hydrolyzes L-asparagine to aspartic acid and ammonia. Used as an E. coli- and Erwinia-derived chemotherapy drug for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and as a food enzyme reducing acrylamide in baked and fried foods.
Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index
The aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) is a noninvasive formula combining AST and platelet count to estimate liver fibrosis, reported in 2003.
Aspartylglucosaminuria
Aspartylglucosaminuria (AGU, aspartylglucosaminidase deficiency) is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder from biallelic AGA variants on 4q34.3, enriched in Finland, causing developmental delay, neurodegeneration, and premature death; AAV9 gene therapy is in trials.
Asperger syndrome
Asperger syndrome, also called Asperger's, was a diagnosis for autistic people without learning disability, described by Hans Asperger in 1944 and named by Lorna Wing in 1981; retired into autism spectrum disorder by DSM-5 (2013) and ICD-11 (2019).
Aspergillosis
Aspergillosis, disease from inhaled Aspergillus mold spores; forms include ABPA, chronic pulmonary, and invasive aspergillosis; A. fumigatus is the main cause; triazoles treat it; azole resistance is emerging.
Aspergillus bronchitis
Aspergillus bronchitis (ICD-11 1F20.14) is a chronic superficial infection of the larger airways by Aspergillus, mainly in bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis patients without major immunocompromise, diagnosed by repeated positive cultures or PCR, elevated Aspergillus IgG, and exclusion of ABPA and CPA.
Aspergillus galactomannan antigen test
The Aspergillus galactomannan antigen test, also called Galactomannan Antigen, is a sandwich immunoassay detecting Aspergillus antigen in serum or lung fluid to diagnose invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients.
Aspergillus otomycosis
Aspergillus otomycosis (アスペルギルス性耳真菌症), ICD-11 1F20.10, is a non-invasive superficial Aspergillus infection of the external ear canal, mainly A. niger and A. tubingensis, treated by canal cleansing plus topical antifungals or boric acid.
Asphyxia
Asphyxia: oxygen deprivation with carbon dioxide retention, from drowning, strangulation, choking, positional restraint, or birth asphyxia; unconsciousness in 2–3 minutes, brain injury in 4–6, asystolic arrest.
Asphyxiation
Asphyxiation, also called asphyxia or suffocation, is oxygen deprivation from blocked breathing, neck compression, drowning, or vitiated atmospheres; forensic subtypes include strangulation, hanging, choking, and positional asphyxia.
Aspiration pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia: bacterial lung infection from inhaled oropharyngeal secretions, distinct from chemical aspiration pneumonitis (Mendelson's syndrome). Common in older adults with dysphagia; guidelines now advise against routine anaerobic antibiotic coverage unless abscess or empyema is suspected.
ASPIRE study (NCT07320326)
The ASPIRE study (NCT07320326) is a non-interventional registry led by Peking University People's Hospital observing elranatamab in Chinese patients with triple-class exposed relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.
Aspirin
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA), Bayer's 1899 NSAID synthesized in pure stable form by Felix Hoffmann in 1897; pain, fever, antiplatelet uses, COX mechanism, USPSTF primary-prevention limits, bleeding and Reye's syndrome risks.
ASPIRIN-LAAO trial
ASPIRIN-LAAO (NCT03821883) is a Chinese, 12-site, double-blind, placebo-controlled non-inferiority trial randomizing 1,120 Watchman LAAO patients at 6 months to aspirin 100 mg/day versus placebo, with a 24-month composite endpoint of stroke, embolism, death, bleeding, and revascularization.
ASPREE study
ASPREE (ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly) was a 19,114-partner placebo-controlled trial of 100 mg daily aspirin in healthy adults 70 and older in Australia and the US; it found no disability-free survival benefit, more bleeding, and higher mortality.
Assertive community treatment
Assertive community treatment (ACT) is a community-based mental health care model in which a multidisciplinary team delivers intensive, individualized treatment and support to people with severe mental illness.
Assertiveness
Assertiveness: an adaptive communication style of expressing feelings and needs directly while respecting others, between passivity and aggression. Also called assertiveness training; rooted in Salter's 1949 behavior therapy, now studied in healthcare speaking-up and social anxiety treatment.
Assertiveness training
Assertiveness training, also called assertion training, is a behavioral therapy technique that teaches people to express their needs, wishes, opinions, and feelings directly, reducing anxiety through cognitive restructuring and role play.
Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris
Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), the public university hospital center (CHU) of Île-de-France: 38 hospitals, about 8 million patients yearly, 100,000 staff, six GHU groups, founded 1849, Europe's largest CHU.
Assisted Circulation
Assisted Circulation (Circulation, Assisted) is the MeSH term for pumping that aids the natural heart, spanning temporary devices like the IABP, Impella, and VA-ECMO and durable ventricular assist devices used as bridge to transplant or destination therapy.
Assisted living
Assisted living: residential long-term care offering housing, help with daily activities, and some health care for seniors and people with disabilities; state-regulated, no federal rules, 44,638 US facilities, Medicaid covers services in 44 states.
Assistive cane
Assistive cane (walking stick, white cane): a hand-held mobility aid adding balance and off-loading one leg; single-point or quad types, fitted at wrist height, plus sensor-equipped smart canes for visually impaired users.
Assistive technology
Assistive technology: WHO umbrella term for assistive products (wheelchairs, hearing aids, spectacles, digital aids) and their services. Over 2.5 billion people need them; access ranges from 3% in some low-income to 90% in some high-income countries; governed by WHA71.8 and the 2022 WHO-UNICEF Global report.
Association of Nurses in AIDS Care
Association of Nurses in AIDS Care (ANAC), US-founded 1987 nonprofit professional nursing organization for HIV/AIDS care; publishes JANAC, runs HANCB certification, 40-plus chapters, about 2,500 members.
Astaksari gutika
Astaksari gutika (Aṣṭākṣarī guṭikā, Ashtakshari Gulika) is a classical Ayurvedic herbo-mineral pill (AFI000019, 125 mg) for digestive impairment and diarrhea, containing purified opium, cinnabar, and ativisha, used only under supervision.
Astangahrdaya
The Astangahrdaya (Ashtanga Hridayam) is a Sanskrit Ayurvedic medical compendium attributed to the physician Vāgbhaṭa; with the Charaka and Sushruta Samhitas it forms the Brihat Trayi, and it dates to before about 800 CE.
Astangalavana Curna
Astangalavana Curna (Aṣṭāṅgalavaṇa cūrṇa, Astanga Lavana) is an eight-ingredient Ayurvedic herbo-mineral powder, AFI000536, dosed 3–5 g, used for agnimandya, srotorodha, and especially madatyaya (alcoholism), with HPTLC standardization and a NIMHANS alcohol-dependence trial.
Astangavaleha
Astangavaleha (Aṣṭāṅgāvaleha), an Ayurvedic avaleha confection of eight herbs (Myrica esculenta, Inula racemosa, Pistacia, Piper spp., etc.) with honey and ginger juice, used for cough and asthma; AFI dose 500 mg-1 g.