Human health and medicine

SAFES Cohort study

SAFES cohort (Sujet Âgé Fragile : Évaluation et Suivi), NCT02834728: French prospective multicenter cohort of 1,306 patients aged 75+ hospitalized via emergency departments in nine hospitals, 2001–2002, studying mortality, institutionalization, and frailty outcomes.

Safethrow study

Safethrow study (NCT01065181, Youth Throwers Respond to Stretching), Charles Metzger MD's observational cohort of 1,261 male youth baseball players ages 8-15, testing whether posterior capsular stretch instruction reduces glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD).

Safety net hospital

Safety net hospitals serve disproportionate numbers of uninsured, Medicaid, and vulnerable patients, supported by DSH payments; quality comparisons show broadly similar Medicare outcomes but longer surgical cancer treatment intervals.

Safinamide

Safinamide (Xadago, Onstryv) is a reversible MAO-B inhibitor and sodium/calcium channel blocker used as 50-100 mg once-daily add-on to levodopa for motor fluctuations in mid- to late-stage Parkinson's disease, approved in the EU (2015) and US (2017).

Sagittal Abdominal Diameter

Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD, abdominal height) is the supine front-to-back abdominal thickness measured by caliper at the iliac crests; it estimates visceral fat and predicts dysglycemia and coronary heart disease beyond BMI and waist circumference.

Sagittal plane

Sagittal plane: vertical antero-posterior anatomical plane dividing the body into right and left parts; median (midsagittal) plane bisects it equally, parasagittal planes unequally; flexion and extension occur in it.

Sagittal split ramus osteotomy

The sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO), usually done bilaterally as BSSO, is jaw surgery that splits the mandibular ramus to advance, set back, or rotate the lower jaw.

Sagliker syndrome

Sagliker syndrome, also called uglifying human face syndrome, is a rare severe renal osteodystrophy from untreated secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease, causing facial and skeletal deformity, hearing loss, and neuropsychiatric symptoms; first described 2004.

Sahacaradi Taila

Sahacaradi Taila (Sahacharadi Thailam) is a classical Ayurvedic medicated sesame oil from Ashtanga Hridaya, made with Barleria prionitis, dashamula, and milk; used for vata disorders, back pain, and sciatica.

Sahasrayoga

Sahasrayoga (Sahasrayogam, "thousand formulations") is a Malayalam Ayurvedic formulary from Kerala, anonymous and dated about the 14th century, organizing 1,000+ preparations by dosage form; standardized in CCRAS's 2022 English translation with 1,255 formulations.

Sahlgrenska University Hospital

Sahlgrenska University Hospital (Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset), Sweden's largest hospital in Gothenburg and Mölndal, formed 1997 by merging Sahlgrenska, Östra, and Mölndal hospitals; founded on Niclas Sahlgren's 1772 donation, first opened 1782, about 17,000 staff.

Oct 20, 2026

Saindhavadi taila

Saindhavadi taila is a classical Ayurvedic medicated oil built around rock salt cooked into castor oil, used for joint and sinus conditions; its larger version is listed in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India.

SAL003 (PCSK9 antibody)

SAL003, taikeximab (泰卡西单抗注射液), is Shenzhen Salubris's recombinant fully human anti-PCSK9 monoclonal antibody injection for hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia; NMPA accepted its Class 1 NDA in September 2025, dosed one subcutaneous injection every 4 weeks.

Salbutamol

Salbutamol (albuterol; Ventolin) is a short-acting selective beta2 agonist inhaled bronchodilator for asthma and COPD relief, first marketed as an MDI in 1968, with 100 mcg actuations, 4-6 hour action, and CFC-to-HFA reformulation history.

Oct 20, 2026

Saldino-Mainzer syndrome

Saldino-Mainzer syndrome, also known as Mainzer-Saldino syndrome or conorenal syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive ciliopathy, described in 1970, that combines kidney disease, retinal degeneration, and skeletal dysplasia.

Oct 20, 2026

SALICE study

SALICE (NCT07624370), an Italian observational study by ASST Ovest Milanese, Ospedale di Legnano, on frailty and sarcopenia in elderly oncological and oncohematological patients, enrolling 160 participants since March 2025.

Salience (neuroscience)

Salience (neuroscience): the prominence of stimuli that captures attention, computed by the salience network (anterior insula, dorsal ACC). Covers saliency/priority maps, the DMN/CEN switching hypothesis, incentive salience, aberrant salience in psychosis, and 2024 depression findings.

Oct 15, 2026

Saliency map

A saliency map is a two-dimensional map showing which locations in a visual scene stand out or, in machine learning, which inputs influence a model's prediction.

Saline (medicine)

Saline (medicine): 0.9% sodium chloride injection, also called normal saline, an intravenous crystalloid with 154 mEq/L each of sodium and chloride; introduced in the 1832 cholera epidemic, causes hyperchloremic acidosis in large volumes, increasingly replaced by balanced crystalloids.

Saliva sampling

Saliva sampling is a noninvasive specimen-collection method that analyzes oral fluid for hormones, antibodies, drugs, and nucleic acids, used in HIV testing, drug screening, and genomic analysis.

Saliva testing

Saliva testing analyzes saliva or oral fluid for hormones, drugs, antibodies, and nucleic acids, serving as a noninvasive alternative to blood testing in endocrinology, toxicology, and oncology.

Salivary diagnostics

Salivary diagnostics is a clinical approach measuring biomarkers in saliva, including hormones, cytokines, antibodies, and nucleic acids, to detect and monitor oral and systemic disease without a blood draw.

Salivary gland biopsy

Salivary gland biopsy is a diagnostic procedure that removes small samples of salivary gland tissue, usually from the lower lip, to examine histologically, chiefly for Sjögren's disease.

Salivation

Salivation, the discharge of saliva from the salivary glands, keeps the mouth moist and aids digestion; healthy adults secrete about 0.3-0.4 mL/min unstimulated and 1-3 mL/min stimulated, under autonomic control.

Salk Institute for Biological Studies

Salk Institute for Biological Studies: independent nonprofit biological research institute founded 1960 by Jonas Salk in La Jolla, California; Louis Kahn-designed landmark campus, NCI-designated basic cancer center, discoveries in phosphorylation, neurohormones, and neurogenesis.

Sally C. Davies

Dame Sally C. Davies is a British physician who served as Chief Medical Officer for England from 2011 to 2019, the first woman to hold the post.

Sally McNeil

Sally McNeil (Killer Sally), born 1960, American former Marine sergeant and women's bodybuilder, 1988–1989 Armed Forces champion; convicted of second-degree murder of husband Ray McNeil in 1995, paroled 2020.

Salmon patch

Salmon patch (nevus simplex), also called stork bite or angel's kiss, is a benign capillary malformation birthmark present at birth in roughly 30-40% of newborns, appearing as a flat pink-red blanchable patch on the nape, eyelids, or glabella that usually fades within 1-2 years, though about half of nape lesions persist.

Salpingectomy

Salpingectomy is the surgical removal of a fallopian tube, used to treat tubal disease, as permanent contraception, and to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, which often arises in the tubes.