25,729 articles
Scleroderma diagnosis and classification
Scleroderma diagnosis and classification covers how systemic sclerosis is identified: the 2013 ACR/EULAR point-scoring criteria, SSc-specific autoantibodies, nailfold capillaroscopy, and the modified Rodnan skin score.
Scleroderma Research Foundation
Scleroderma Research Foundation (SRF), San Francisco 501(c)(3) founded 1987 by Sharon Monsky; largest US nonprofit funder of scleroderma research, over $55M committed; runs CONQUER registry and CONQUEST platform trial; distinct from the National Scleroderma Foundation.
SCLEROFOAM trial
SCLEROFOAM trial: Italian multicentre, single-arm phase 2 study (Gallo et al., 2022) of 3% polidocanol foam sclerotherapy for second-degree haemorrhoids; 183 patients, 68.3% bleeding resolution at one week, 95.6% one-year success, no serious adverse events.
Scleromyxedema
Scleromyxedema (Arndt-Gottron disease), rare sclerodermoid cutaneous mucinosis with waxy papules, IgG lambda monoclonal gammopathy, systemic involvement, dermato-neuro syndrome, IVIg first-line therapy.
Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma
Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF), also called sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma of soft tissue or bone, is a rare aggressive sarcoma with MUC4 expression and EWSR1::CREB3L1 fusions, first described in 1995.
Sclerosing lymphangitis of penis
Sclerosing lymphangitis of the penis, also called non-venereal sclerosing lymphangitis or benign transient lymphangiectasis, is a rare benign cord-like swelling at the coronal sulcus after vigorous sex, self-limiting within weeks.
Sclerosteosis
Sclerosteosis (MIM 269500), also called cortical hyperostosis-syndactyly syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive SOST-related craniotubular hyperostosis causing skull and mandible overgrowth, cranial nerve palsies, syndactyly, and early death, mainly in Afrikaners.
Sclerostomy
Sclerostomy: surgical creation of an external opening in the sclera to drain aqueous humor in glaucoma; named by Verhoeff (1910); basis of trabeculectomy, laser and thermal variants, and MIMS.
Sclerotherapy
Sclerotherapy: injection of a sclerosant (polidocanol, sodium tetradecyl sulfate), liquid or foam, to close varicose veins, reticular veins, and spider veins; dates to 1682, foam revived in the 1990s.
Scoliosis
Scoliosis, also called spinal curvature, is a lateral spine curve over 10 degrees on X-ray, mostly idiopathic and adolescent-onset, 10 times more common in girls; treated by observation, bracing for 25-45 degree curves, or fusion surgery above 45-50 degrees.
SCOPE trial (NCT05144100)
SCOPE (NCT05144100) is a Tata Memorial Centre phase II/III randomized trial comparing primary surgery with chemoradiotherapy in 498 stage III-IV HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancer patients; registered December 2021, not yet recruiting, outcomes expected June 2031.
Scopolamine
Scopolamine (hyoscine) is a tropane alkaloid muscarinic antagonist from Solanaceae plants, used mainly as the Transderm Scōp patch (FDA-approved 1979, first transdermal patch) to prevent motion sickness and postoperative nausea; side effects include dry mouth, drowsiness, and a 2025 FDA hyperthermia warning.
Scopophobia
Scopophobia (scoptophobia, gaze anxiety) is the morbid fear of being seen or stared at; not a standalone DSM-5-TR diagnosis, it is classified as social anxiety disorder or situational specific phobia and treated with CBT.
Scorbutic anaemia
Scorbutic anaemia (ICD-11 3A03.2) is anaemia caused by severe vitamin C deficiency in scurvy, usually normocytic or macrocytic, driven by bleeding, folate metabolism disturbance, and hemolysis, cured with vitamin C.
SCOT-HEART trial
SCOT-HEART (Scottish Computed Tomography of the Heart) trial: Scottish RCT of 4,146 stable chest pain patients showing coronary CT angiography plus standard care reduced CHD death or nonfatal MI at 5 and 10 years.
Scotoma
Scotoma: an area of absolute or partial vision loss within the visual field. Types include central, paracentral, arcuate, and scintillating scotomas; causes include glaucoma, macular disease, optic neuropathy, and migraine; mapped by perimetry and the Amsler grid.
Scott Atlas
Scott W. Atlas, Stanford neuroradiologist and Hoover Institution fellow, was Trump's Special COVID-19 Advisor (August–December 2020), advocated focused protection over lockdowns, and was censured by Stanford's Faculty Senate.
Scott Gottlieb
Scott Gottlieb (born 1972) is an American physician and investor, 23rd FDA Commissioner (May 2017 to April 2019), later a Pfizer and Illumina board member, AEI senior fellow, and author of Uncontrolled Spread.
Scott syndrome
Scott syndrome is an extremely rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder caused by TMEM16F/ANO6 mutations that impair calcium-dependent phosphatidylserine exposure on activated platelets, diagnosed by annexin V flow cytometry and treated with platelet transfusion.
SCOUT trial (NCT02637687)
SCOUT (NCT02637687, LOXO-TRK-15003) is Bayer/Loxo's phase 1/2 trial of larotrectinib in children up to 21 years with advanced solid or primary CNS tumors; phase 1 showed 93% response in NTRK fusion-positive tumors.
Scrambler therapy
Scrambler therapy, also known as Calmare therapy, is a noninvasive electro-analgesia treatment using skin electrodes to replace pain signals, used mainly for chronic neuropathic and cancer pain.
Screening (medicine)
Screening, also known as a screening test or health screening, is the testing of apparently healthy, asymptomatic people to detect unrecognized disease early, as in cancer or newborn screening.
Scrotum
Scrotum: the pouch of skin and dartos muscle below the penis containing the testes, epididymides, and spermatic cords; keeps testes 2–4 °C below core temperature for sperm production.
Scrub typhus
Scrub typhus (bush typhus), caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and spread by chigger mite bites, is a febrile illness endemic to the Asia-Pacific Tsutsugamushi Triangle, with about 1 million cases yearly, eschar and fever as hallmarks, and doxycycline as treatment of choice.
Scrupulosity
Scrupulosity, also called religious OCD, is a subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder centered on religious or moral obsessions such as fear of sin, with compulsive prayer, confession, reassurance seeking, and ERP-based treatment.
SCTV01C / Anningneng 2 (recombinant bivalent COVID-19 trimer protein vaccine)
SCTV01C (安诺能 2, Annuoneng 2) is Sinocelltech's bivalent recombinant S-trimer COVID-19 vaccine targeting Alpha and Beta variants with SCT-VA02B squalene adjuvant; EUA in China December 2022 as booster.
SCTV01E (recombinant tetravalent COVID-19 trimer protein vaccine)
SCTV01E (安诺能®4) is Sinocelltech's tetravalent recombinant S-trimer protein COVID-19 vaccine targeting Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron BA.1; 30 µg with SCT-VA02B adjuvant, 69.4% efficacy, Chinese EUA March 2023.
Scurvy
Scurvy is a disease caused by prolonged vitamin C deficiency, causing bleeding gums, skin hemorrhages, and fatigue; once the scourge of sailors, it is now rare but rising in restricted diets.
SDM-IBD trial
The SDM-IBD trial is a planned pilot study at Children's Hospital in London, Ontario, testing shared decision making for children with inflammatory bowel disease starting biologic therapy.
SEACAP trial
SEACAP (Study of the Effectiveness of a Collaborative Approach to Pain), ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00129480, was a 2006-2008 VA cluster randomized trial of the Assistance with Pain Treatment collaborative care intervention versus usual care in 401 chronic pain patients, showing modest improvements in disability, pain intensity, and depression.