Human health and medicine

Septal ablation

Septal ablation, or alcohol septal ablation, is a catheter-based procedure that injects alcohol into a heart artery to relieve obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, first performed in 1994.

Septal defect repair

Septal defect repair is the closure of an abnormal opening between the heart's chambers, most often an atrial or ventricular septal defect, by surgery or a transcatheter occluder device.

Septal myectomy is an open-heart operation removing part of the thickened septum to relieve left ventricular outflow obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, with mortality below 1% at experienced centers.

Septal Occluder Device

Septal occluder device: catheter-delivered double-disc implant (Amplatzer, Helex, Occlutech) closing heart septal defects, especially secundum atrial septal defects; FDA-approved since 2001, ~98% technical success.

Septal reduction therapy

Septal reduction therapy (SRT) is a group of invasive treatments for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, chiefly surgical septal myectomy, an open-heart operation, and alcohol septal ablation, a catheter procedure.

Septate vagina

Septate vagina (congenital vaginal septum, double vagina; ORPHA:180154, ICD-10 Q52.1): a rare congenital malformation in which a longitudinal or transverse septum divides the vagina, often with associated uterine anomalies, causing tampon difficulty, dyspareunia, or obstructed labor.

Septic arthritis

Septic arthritis, also called infectious or bacterial arthritis, is a joint infection, usually by Staphylococcus aureus, most often in the knee; treated as an emergency with joint drainage and intravenous antibiotics.

Septic sacroiliitis

Septic sacroiliitis is a pyogenic bacterial infection of the sacroiliac joint at the back of the pelvis, rare and often mistaken for lumbar disc herniation.

Septic shock

Sepsis with septic shock (ICD-11 1G41) is the severe form of sepsis defined by Sepsis-3: vasopressor-dependent hypotension with lactate above 2 mmol/L, carrying over 40% hospital mortality.

Septo-optic dysplasia spectrum

Septo-optic dysplasia spectrum (SOD, de Morsier syndrome, ORPHA:3157) is a rare congenital forebrain disorder defined by two or more of optic nerve hypoplasia, pituitary hormone abnormalities, and midline brain defects; incidence about 1 in 10,000 live births.

Septoplasty

Septoplasty is surgery to straighten a deviated nasal septum to relieve nasal obstruction. Randomized trials show it outperforms steroid and saline sprays, with low complication rates and cost-effectiveness by 24 months.

Septorhinoplasty

Septorhinoplasty is a single operation that combines correction of a deviated nasal septum with reshaping of the external nose, improving both nasal airflow and appearance.

Septostomy

Septostomy is a catheter procedure that creates or enlarges an opening in a bodily septum, most often the heart's atrial septum, to relieve pressure or improve blood flow.

Sequela

Sequela (plural sequelae, secuela) is the residual effect remaining after the acute phase of a disease, injury, or treatment ends; coded in ICD-10-CM with seventh character S and in ICD-11 via QC50 clusters, and central to long COVID and post-stroke burden.

Sequelae of diphtheria

Sequelae of diphtheria (ICD-11 1G85): chronic late effects after acute diphtheria, chiefly myocarditis with arrhythmias and conduction block, and motor neuritis with palatal, limb, and diaphragmatic paralysis that usually resolves; cutaneous ulcers scar after 2-3 months.

Sequelae of leprosy

Sequelae of leprosy (ICD-11 1G82): lasting nerve damage, deformities, eye injury, and stigma persisting after Hansen disease treatment, driven mainly by leprosy reactions affecting 40–50% of patients.

Oct 20, 2026

Sequelae of poliomyelitis

Sequelae of poliomyelitis are the lasting late effects of a prior polio infection, most notably post-polio syndrome, which causes new muscle weakness, fatigue, and pain decades after recovery.

Oct 20, 2026

Sequelae of rickets

Sequelae of rickets: residual skeletal conditions after childhood rickets, chiefly lower limb deformities (genu varum, valgum, windswept), growth deficits, and pelvic deformity, managed by remodeling, hemiepiphysiodesis, or osteotomy.

Sequelae of trachoma

Sequelae of trachoma: trachomatous conjunctival scarring, trichiasis, and corneal opacity following repeated Chlamydia trachomatis infection; WHO grading, entropion mechanism, surgery outcomes, and declining global burden.

Sequelae of tuberculosis

Sequelae of tuberculosis (post-TB lung disease, PTLD, ICD-11 1G80) are long-term consequences after cured TB: chronic lung impairment in roughly half of survivors, plus hearing, neurological, hepatic and mental health sequelae, with rehabilitation the best-supported intervention.

Sequelae of viral encephalitis

Sequelae of viral encephalitis, also called late effects of viral encephalitis (ICD-10 B94.1, ICD-11 1G84), are persistent neurological, cognitive, and psychiatric deficits after viral brain infection, affecting up to 50% of survivors.

Sequelae of vitamin A deficiency

Sequelae of vitamin A deficiency: night blindness, xerophthalmia, Bitot spots, keratomalacia, blindness, anemia, infection susceptibility, and child mortality; leading preventable cause of childhood blindness.

Sequence recall

Sequence recall is a memory task in which participants learn and reproduce an ordered list of items, the dominant laboratory tool for assessing serial-order memory.

Sequence-based typing

Sequence-based typing (SBT) is an HLA typing method that uses Sanger sequencing of PCR-amplified gene segments against curated databases for allele-level resolution, described as the gold standard and widely used since 1996.

Sequential chemotherapy

Sequential chemotherapy is a cancer treatment strategy in which drugs are given one after another rather than together, allowing higher per-cycle doses; in metastatic breast cancer it shows no survival difference from concurrent treatment.

Sequential multiple assignment randomized trial

A sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) is a multi-stage randomized trial that compares adaptive treatment strategies, re-randomizing participants at later decision points based on their response to earlier treatment.

SEQUOIA-HCM trial

SEQUOIA-HCM (NCT05186818), also called Safety, Efficacy, and Quantitative Understanding of Obstruction Impact of Aficamten in HCM, was Cytokinetics' phase 3 trial of aficamten in 282 adults with obstructive HCM; it met its pVO2 primary endpoint and supported the 2025 FDA approval of MYQORZO.

Seralutinib

Seralutinib (GB002, PK10571) is Gossamer Bio's inhaled tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting PDGFRα/β, CSF1R, and cKIT for pulmonary arterial hypertension; phase 2 TORREY met its PVR endpoint, phase 3 PROSERA missed its prespecified alpha, and an NDA is planned for September 2026.

Seraphina

Seraphina (U-604 BL, CVCL_M646) is an EBV-positive human Burkitt lymphoma B-cell line from a 7-year-old Kenyan girl, distributed by Iran's National Cell Bank and used in EBV, cytogenetic, and BIM chemoresistance research.