Human health and medicine

Shoulder lesions

Shoulder lesions (ICD-11 FB53; ICD-10 M75) is a WHO classification category grouping shoulder disorders marked by pain and reduced shoulder girdle motion, including adhesive capsulitis, rotator cuff syndrome, and impingement syndrome.

Shoulder problem

Shoulder problem: any disorder causing shoulder pain, stiffness, instability, or weakness, including rotator cuff disease, frozen shoulder, and instability; affects up to 26% of adults, treated first-line with exercise therapy.

Shoulder Prosthesis

Shoulder prosthesis: artificial joint for shoulder replacement (arthroplasty). Anatomic designs mimic natural ball-and-socket; reverse designs switch ball and socket so the deltoid replaces a damaged rotator cuff. First implanted 1893; reverse FDA-approved 2003; reverse shows lower revision rates, anatomic better external rotation.

Shoulder replacement

Shoulder replacement, or shoulder arthroplasty, is an orthopedic operation replacing the damaged surfaces of the shoulder joint with prosthetic implants, most often for osteoarthritis or a deficient rotator cuff.

Shoulder study

Shoulder study: NCT06909864, a 2019-2021 Hacettepe University cross-sectional study of 48 Turkish adolescent competitive swimmers versus 28 controls, finding sport-specific but not stroke-specific shoulder adaptations, published in Physical Therapy in Sport 2025.

Shoulder syndrome

Shoulder syndrome (ICD-11 ME86.D0) is a symptom-code label for a complaint of the shoulder, not a specific disease; related named entities include frozen shoulder, subacromial impingement syndrome, and Milwaukee shoulder syndrome.

Shoutai Wan

寿胎丸 (Shoutai Wan, Fetus-Preserving Pill) is Zhang Xichun's four-herb Chinese formula from 医学衷中参西录 (Cuscuta, taxillus, teasel, donkey-hide gelatin, 2:1:1:1) used to tonify the kidney and prevent miscarriage, notably recurrent spontaneous abortion.

SHOX-related short stature

SHOX-related short stature (ORPHA:314795, OMIM 300582) is a primary bone dysplasia from SHOX haploinsufficiency at Xp22.33/Yp11.32, causing height 2 SD below mean with normal hormones and karyotype; 80-90% carry SHOX deletions; treated with growth hormone.

Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome

Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome (SGS), or marfanoid-craniosynostosis syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder caused by SKI mutations, featuring craniosynostosis, marfanoid habitus, intellectual disability, and aortic and mitral valve disease.

SHR-1918 (芮弗西拜单抗)

SHR-1918 (芮弗西拜单抗) is Hengrui Pharmaceuticals' fully human anti-ANGPTL3 monoclonal antibody for homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia; phase 3 showed 64.2% greater LDL-C reduction than placebo, and NMPA accepted its NDA with priority review in February 2026.

Shr-4640

Shr-4640 (ruzinaurad, brand Ruiming 瑞鸣) is Hengrui's oral URAT1 inhibitor for gout with hyperuricemia, approved by China's NMPA on May 28, 2026 as the first domestically developed URAT1 inhibitor; phase 3 showed 52.6% vs 34.5% target attainment.

SHR-4849 (IDE849)

SHR-4849 (IDE849) is Hengrui Pharma's DLL3-targeting topoisomerase-I-payload antibody-drug conjugate, licensed ex-Greater China to IDEAYA Biosciences for up to $1.045 billion, showing ~73% ORR in relapsed SCLC Phase 1.

SHR-A1904 (Claudin 18.2 ADC)

SHR-A1904 (garetatug rezetecan) is Hengrui's Claudin 18.2-targeting antibody-drug conjugate with a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload; phase 1 gastric cancer ORR 24.2-25.0%, licensed option to Merck KGaA, phase 3 and CDE breakthrough status.

Shriners Hospitals for Children

Shriners Hospitals for Children, also branded Shriners Children's, is a 501(c)(3) pediatric specialty healthcare system founded in 1922 in Shreveport, Louisiana, owned by the Shriners International Masonic fraternity, treating children regardless of ability to pay.

Shuttle run test

The shuttle run test is a field exercise test in which participants run between two markers at audio-paced speeds rising in stages until exhaustion, estimating aerobic capacity or agility.

Shuttle walk test

The shuttle walk test is a field exercise test in which patients walk between cones at audio-paced speeds, measuring exercise capacity in chronic heart and lung disease.

Shwachman-Diamond syndrome

Shwachman-Diamond syndrome is a rare inherited disorder, usually autosomal recessive and caused by SBDS gene mutations, marked by bone marrow failure, exocrine pancreatic dysfunction causing malabsorption and poor growth, and risk of leukemia.

Sialendoscopy

Sialendoscopy is a minimally invasive endoscopic technique that diagnoses and treats salivary duct disorders, chiefly stones and strictures, using micro-endoscopes inserted into the parotid and submandibular ducts.

Sialidosis type 1

Sialidosis type 1, or cherry-red spot myoclonus syndrome (mucolipidosis I), is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by NEU1 mutations, causing myoclonus, ataxia, visual loss, and macular cherry-red spots from adolescence.

Sialidosis type 2

Sialidosis type 2 (sialidosis type II, dysmorphic sialidosis, mucolipidosis I): severe early-onset autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease from NEU1 neuraminidase deficiency, with congenital, infantile, and juvenile forms, coarse facies, cherry-red spots, and no approved disease-modifying therapy.

Sialoadenitis

Sialoadenitis (sialadenitis) is acute or chronic inflammation of a salivary gland from bacterial or viral infection, obstruction, radiation, or autoimmune disease; commonly parotid, treated with antibiotics, sialagogues, or sialendoscopy.

Sialography

Sialography is a radiographic technique in which iodinated contrast is injected retrograde into the parotid or submandibular duct to show stones, strictures, and ductal anatomy.

Sialolithiasis

Sialolithiasis (salivary duct stones, salivary calculi): calcified stones blocking salivary gland ducts, mostly submandibular (80%), ages 30-60, causing meal-related pain and swelling; treated by sialendoscopy, lithotripsy, or gland excision.

Sialophagia

Sialophagia (ICD-11 DA04.7), excessive swallowing of saliva, a salivary gland disorder distinct from hypersalivation and drooling, often accompanied by aerophagia.

Sialoschesis

Sialoschesis, ICD-11 DA04.8, is the suppression of saliva secretion (SNOMED CT 707985000); distinct from xerostomia and hyposalivation, with causes, thresholds, and management.

Sibutramine

Sibutramine (Meridia, Reductil), a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor for obesity approved in 1997 and withdrawn in 2010 after the SCOUT trial showed increased nonfatal heart attack and stroke risk; now a common illegal slimming-product adulterant.

sICAM-1 study

sICAM-1 studies measure soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, an endothelial activation marker, in obese children and adolescents; levels are higher than in healthy controls, correlate with carotid IMT and insulin resistance, and respond inconsistently to exercise.