25,729 articles
Sulopenem
Sulopenem is a thiopenem β-lactam antibiotic, approved in the United States in 2024 as ORLYNVAH to treat uncomplicated urinary tract infections, with activity against ESBL-producing bacteria.
Sulpiride
Sulpiride (Dogmatil) is a substituted benzamide dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist used as an antipsychotic, antidepressant, and digestive aid, with dose-dependent effects and about 35% oral bioavailability.
Sulthiame
Sulthiame (sultiame, Ospolot) is a sulfonamide carbonic anhydrase inhibitor antiseizure drug (ATC N03AX03) used in Europe and Israel for rolandic epilepsy, investigated for sleep apnea, not licensed in the US or UK.
Sumanirole
Sumanirole (U-95666E, PNU-95666E) is a nonergot imidazoquinolinone dopamine agonist, the first published D2-selective dopamine receptor agonist, developed by Pfizer for Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome but never FDA approved.
Sumatriptan
Sumatriptan (Imigran, Imitrex) is the first triptan, a 5-HT1B/1D agonist for acute migraine and cluster headache, available as tablets, nasal spray, and subcutaneous injection since 1991.
Summation (neurophysiology)
Summation (neurophysiology): the combining of postsynaptic potentials in a neuron, via temporal summation from one input over time and spatial summation from multiple inputs, read out at the axon hillock; dendrites add linear, sublinear, and supralinear modes.
Sun Pharma
Sun Pharma (Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited) is India's largest drugmaker, founded 1983, fourth-largest specialty generics company globally; acquired Ranbaxy for US$4 billion in 2014; faces repeated FDA warning letters at Halol and Mohali plants.
Sun tanning
Sun tanning is UV-induced skin darkening from increased melanin triggered by DNA damage; a tan signals skin injury, provides only SPF 2-4, and sunbed tanning raises melanoma risk (IARC group 1 carcinogen).
Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center
Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (中山大学肿瘤防治中心, SYSUCC) is a specialized cancer hospital and research institute in Guangzhou, China, affiliated with Sun Yat-sen University; founded in 1964, it is one of China's earliest tumor hospitals.
SUN-1334H
SUN-1334H (SUN 1334H) was a potent, selective H1 antihistamine from India's SPARC (Sun Pharma), developed for allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis; it reached Phase 2 in the US and was abandoned in 2013 as not viable.
Sunburn
Sunburn, also called erythema solare, is acute UV-induced skin inflammation causing redness, pain, and blisters; UVB (280–320 nm) is the main cause, healing in 3–5 days, and it raises skin cancer risk.
Sunburn erythema
Sunburn erythema (ICD-11 EJ40.0), also called solar erythema, is UV-induced skin redness peaking 12–24 hours after exposure; 35.1% of U.S. adults sunburn yearly, raising skin cancer risk.
SUNCT syndrome
SUNCT syndrome (short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing) is a rare trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia causing brief, severe one-sided eye-area pain with eye redness and tearing; treated with lamotrigine.
Sundowning
Sundowning (sundown syndrome, late-day confusion): emergence or worsening of confusion, agitation, aggression, and wandering in dementia patients in late afternoon and evening; prevalence 1.6-66%, circadian mechanisms, non-drug management first.
Sunscreen
Sunscreen is a topical US nonprescription drug product that protects skin from UVB and UVA rays; bemotrizinol was FDA-approved in June 2026 as the first new US filter in over 25 years.
Sunvozertinib
Sunvozertinib (Zegfrovy, DZD9008, 舒沃哲) is Dizal's oral irreversible EGFR/HER2 kinase inhibitor for EGFR exon 20 insertion NSCLC, approved in China (2023) and by FDA (2025), with WU-KONG28 first-line phase III data.
SUPEERmood trial
SUPEERmood (SUPEERMood), NCT06398561, is a Mallorca-based randomized trial testing a 6-week nurse-supervised peer-led support program against the COGITO CBT mHealth app for reducing BDI-II depressive symptoms in major depression.
Superb microvascular imaging
Superb microvascular imaging (SMI) is a Canon ultrasound Doppler technique that displays low-velocity flow in small vessels without contrast agents, used in breast, thyroid, and liver imaging.
Supercentenarian
Supercentenarian: a person validated to have lived to 110 or older. Key facts: rarity (1 in 7 million in the US), Jeanne Calment's 122-year record, mortality plateau debate, APOE/FOXO3 genetics, and age validation methods.
Superficial bacterial folliculitis
Superficial bacterial folliculitis, also called Bockhart impetigo, is a Staphylococcus aureus infection of the hair follicle opening causing pustules; treated with topical mupirocin, clindamycin, or benzoyl peroxide, distinct from deep boils.
Superficial cervical plexus block
The superficial cervical plexus block is a regional anesthesia technique that numbs the skin of the neck by injecting local anesthetic near the cervical plexus, used most often for awake carotid endarterectomy.
Superficial epidermolytic ichthyosis
Superficial epidermolytic ichthyosis (SEI, ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens, OMIM 146800) is a rare autosomal dominant keratinopathic ichthyosis caused by KRT2 mutations, with superficial blisters at birth and milder features than epidermolytic ichthyosis.
Superficial fibromatoses
Superficial fibromatoses: benign, slow-growing fibroblastic tumors of fascia or aponeurosis, including Dupuytren contracture, Ledderhose disease, Peyronie disease, knuckle pads, pachydermodactyly, and infantile digital fibromatosis; genetically distinct from deep fibromatoses.
Superficial frostbite
Superficial frostbite (frostnip, first or second degree frostbite, ICD-11 NE40) is skin-limited freezing injury with blistering but no significant tissue necrosis, treated mainly with rapid rewarming.
Superficial ovarian endometriosis
Superficial ovarian endometriosis (ICD-11 GA10.B4), also called ovarian endometriosis NOS, is endometriosis on the ovarian cortex with typical or subtle superficial lesions, distinct from cystic ovarian endometrioma; diagnosed mainly by laparoscopy.
Superficial parotidectomy
Superficial parotidectomy is an operation in head and neck surgery that removes the superficial lobe of the parotid gland, with its tumor, while identifying and preserving the facial nerve.
Superficial siderosis
Superficial siderosis, also called superficial hemosiderosis of the CNS, is a rare neurologic disease from chronic subarachnoid bleeding causing hemosiderin deposition, with progressive hearing loss, ataxia, and pyramidal signs.
Superficial temporal artery
Superficial temporal artery (arteria temporalis superficialis): terminal branch of the external carotid artery supplying the face and scalp, dividing into frontal and parietal branches; biopsied for giant cell arteritis and used for STA-MCA bypass.
Superficial thrombophlebitis
Superficial thrombophlebitis, or superficial venous thrombosis (SVT), is clotting with inflammation in a vein just under the skin, usually varicose leg veins; it differs from DVT but coexists with it in 6 to 40% of cases.
Superficial thrombophlebitis in pregnancy
Superficial thrombophlebitis (superficial vein thrombosis, SVT) in pregnancy: inflamed, clotted superficial vein affecting about 0.1% of pregnancies, with roughly two-fold raised VTE risk, usually managed with LMWH.